Abstract
The effects of cold deformation on the formation of strain induced ά martensite and mechanical properties of an austenitic stainless steel have been examined. X-ray diffraction analysis has revealed that 30% and 40% cold rolling have resulted in the formation of 24% and 31.5% martensite respectively. Microstructural investigation has demonstrated that the formation of martensite is enhanced with increase in the percent deformation at 0 °C. Investigation of mechanical properties reveals that hardness, yield strength and tensile strength values increase where as percent elongation drops with increasing deformation. The fractographic observation corroborates the tensile results. Examination of sub-surface at the fractured end of the tensile sample manifests that void/microcrack nucleation occurs in the interfacial regions of the martensite phase as well as at the austenite-martensite interface.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Yuan Z Z, Dai Q X, Zhang Q, et al. Effects of Temperature Cycling and Nitrogen on the Stability of Microstructures in Austenitic Stainless Steels [J]. Mater Character, 2008, 59: 18.
Doverspike A Lee. Stainless Steels in Architecture [M], Peckner D, Bernstein I M. Handbook of Stainless Steels. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1977.
Somani M C, Juntunen P, Karjalainen L P, et al. Enhanced Mechanical Properties Through Reversion in Metastable Auste-nitic Stainless Steels [J]. Metall Mater Trans, 2009, 40A(3): 729.
Huang G L, Matlock D K, Krauss G. Martensite Formation, Strain Rate Sensitivity and Deformation Behaviour of Type 304 Stainless Steel Sheet [J]. Metall Trans, 1989, 20A: 1239.
Das A, Sivaprasad S, Ghosh M, et al. Morphologies and Characteristics of Deformation Induced Martensite During Tensile Deformation of 304 LN Stainless Steel [J]. Mater Sci Eng, 2008, 486A: 283.
Tomota Y, Moriokat Y, Nakagawara W. Epsilon Martensite to Austenite Reversion and Related Phenomenon in Fe-24Mn and Fe−24Mn−6Si Alloys [J]. Acta Mater, 1998, 46: 1419.
De A K, Murdock D C, Mataya M, et al. Quantitative Measurement of Deformation-Induced Martensite in 304 Stainless Steel by X-Ray Diffraction [J]. Scr Mater, 2004, 50: 1445.
Otte H M. The Formation of Stacking Faults in Austenite and Its Relation to Martensite [J]. Acta Met, 1957, 5: 614.
Haepner F, Plaut R L, Padilha A F. Separation of Static Re-crystallisation and Reverse Transformation of Deformation-Induced Martensite in an Austenitic Stainless Steel By Calorimetric Measurements [J]. ISIJ Int, 2003, 43(9): 1472.
Chio J Y, ** W. Strain Induced Martensite Formation and Its Effect on Strain Hardening Behaviour in the Cold Drawn 304 Austenitic Stainless Steels [J]. Scr Mater, 1997, 36(1): 99.
Mangonon P L, Thomas G. The Martensite Phases in 304 Stainless Steel [J]. Metall Trans, 1970, 1: 1577.
Venables J A. The Martensitic Transformation in Stainless Steel [J]. Phil Mag, 1962, 7(73): 35.
Lagneborgj R. The Martensite Transformation in 18%Cr–8% Ni Steels [J]. Acta Met, 1964, 12(7): 823.
Mangonon P L, Thomas G. Structure and Properties of Ther-mal-Mechanically Treated 304 Stainless Steel [J]. Metall Trans, 1970, 1: 1587.
Olson G B, Cohen M. A Mechanism for the Strain-Induced Nucleation of Martensitic Transformations [J]. J Less Common Met, 1972, 28(1): 107.
Angel T. Formation of Martensite in Austenitic Stainless Steels [J]. J Iron Steel Inst, 1954, 177: 165.
Di Schino A, Barteri M, Kenny J M. Development of the Ultra Fine Grain Structure by Martensitic Reversion in Stainless Steel [J]. J Mate Sci Lett, 2002, 21: 751.
Hill R J, Howard C J. Quantitative Phase Analysis From Neutron Powder Diffraction Data Using the Rietveld Method [J]. J Appl Crystall, 1987, 20(6): 467.
Bowkett MW, Keown S R, Harries D R. Quench-Induced and Deformation-Induced Structures in 2 Austenitic Stainless-Steels [J], Met Sci, 1982, 16: 499.
Fujita H, Ueda S. Stacking Faults and f. c. c. (γ) → h. c. p. (ε) Transformation in 18/8-Type Stainless Steel [J], Acta Met, 1972, 20(5): 759.
Mumtaz K, Takahashi S, Echigoya J, et al. Magnetic Measurements of Martensitic Transformation in Austenitic Stainless Steel after Room Temperature Rolling [J]. J Mater Sci, 2004, 39(1): 85.
Schramm R E, Reed R P. Stacking Fault Energies of Seven Commercial Austenitic Stainless Steels [J]. Metall Trans, 1975, 6(7): 1345.
Lee S H, Lee J C, Choi J Y, et al. Effects of Deformation Strain and Ageing Temperature on Strain Aging Behavior in a 304 Stainless Steel [J], Met Mater Int, 2010, 16(1): 21.
Mengel J. Stainless Steels in Fasteners [M]. Peckner D, Bernstein I M. Handbook of Stainless Steels. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1977.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ghosh, S.K., Mallick, P. & Chattopadhyay, P.P. Effect of Cold Deformation on Phase Evolution and Mechanical Properties in an Austenitic Stainless Steel for Structural and Safety Applications. J. Iron Steel Res. Int. 19, 63–68 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1006-706X(12)60089-2
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1006-706X(12)60089-2