Abstract
Traditional rice varieties have been neglected for human consumption and genetic improvement research. In the previous two decades, rice breeding initiatives have mostly concentrated on yield and yield contributing traits. In this study, 21 rice landraces were collected from various locations in Tamil Nadu, India, and their grain composition and enzymatic digestibility were evaluated. The rice landraces investigated showed significant differences in in vitro starch digestibility in meal and pure starch. Significant differences were also found in total dietary fiber (2.8–8.7), protein (6.2–12.3), fat (0.6–3.2%), and total phenol (1.3–6.9 mg GAE g-1). Katta Samba had the lowest hydrolysis index (HI) in both pure starch and meal samples. Except for Katta samba and Pavizham, B1 chains contributed more than 50% of total amylopectin in all landraces. The proportion of small (5 μm) starch granules ranged from 19.6 to 42.0%, while the proportion of medium (5–15 microns) size granules was between 52.6 and 79.8%. The percentage of large granules above 15 microns varied substantially from 0 to 21.0%. The principal component analysis showed that the first seven principal components explained 86.3% of the total variation. This splits the landraces into three subgroups with three outliers. The rice landraces that were found to have good grain qualities could be directly used for consumption or used in pre-breeding to develop rice varieties suitable for different end users.
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Acknowledgements
We also thank Professor and Head, Department of Plant Genetic Resources, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India for assistance in conducting plant exploration and lab facility for this investigation.
Funding
Financial support of the project was provided by the Monsanto’s Beachell-Borlaug International Scholars Program to the first author (BRR) for the collection of rice landraces. Canada Research Chairs program (RNC) is also acknowledged for financial support.
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BRR; conceptualization, collection of germplasm, formal analysis, writing, review and editing, MPG, SG, AV, SJ; helped in execution of all the experiments and methodology. TV; helped in execution of plant exploration and writing. RNC and GRS; Conceptualization, Methodology, resources and funding acquisition.
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Ramadoss, B.R., Gangola, M.P., Gurunathan, S. et al. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) landraces collected from Tamil Nadu, India shows enhanced level of nutritional composition and reduced in-vitro enzymatic digestibility. Vegetos (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42535-023-00657-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42535-023-00657-7