SpringerLink
Log in

Methodology to Remove or Scale Back the Solution Treatment in the Thermal Processing of the 319-Type Alloy Without Changing Material Properties

  • Technical Paper
  • Published:
International Journal of Metalcasting Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The 319-type alloy is one of the more widely used casting alloys for propulsion applications in the automotive space (i.e., E-motor housings for battery electric vehicles (BEV) and engine blocks for internal combustion engines (ICE)). For these 319-type applications that require the highest material properties and dimensional stability, a T7 (solution and quench followed by an artificial over-age) is used. The authors will demonstrate an innovative approach to investigate if the solution treatment stage can be scaled back significantly with adjustments in artificial age parameters, while achieving the same material properties and dimensional stability had a full solution treatment been used. The impact of achieving the objective of reducing the solution treatment stage would be the lower energy cost, eliminating or reducing the bottleneck (and/or increase capacity without capital investment) of the solution furnace, and finally reduce the CO2 footprint of the overall heat treat process, all of which are critical for the future of the North American automotive casting manufacturing.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. J.E. Gruzleski, B.M. Closset, The Treatment of Liquid Aluminum-Silicon Alloys (American Foundry Society, Inc., 1990), p. 256

  2. J.R. Davis (Ed), ASM Specialty Handbook: Aluminum & Aluminum Alloys (1996) p. 306

  3. L. Backerud, G. Chai, J. Tamminen, Solidification Characteristics of Aluminum Alloys, vol. 2, Foundry Alloys (AFS/Skanaluminum, 1990) p. 255

  4. C.F.R. Hernandez, J.M.H. Ramírez, R. Mackay, Al–Si Alloys, 1st edn. (Springer, Gewerbestrasse, 2017), p.237

    Book  Google Scholar 

  5. A. Lombardi, C. Ravindran, R. MacKay, Application of the billet casting method to determine the onset of incipient melting of 319 Al alloy engine blocks. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 24, 2179–2184 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. L. Colley, M.A. Wells, R. Mackay, W. Kasprzak, Dissolution of second phase particles in 319-type aluminum alloy, in Submitted to the ASM Heat Treating Society 2011 Conference.

  7. R. Mackay, J. Sokolowski, Experimental observations of dendrite coarsening & Al–Si eutectic growth in progressively quenched structures of Al-Si-Cu casting alloys. Int. Metal. 2, 57–79 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03355428

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. A. Lombardi, F. D’Elia, C. Ravindran, B.S. Murty, R. MacKay, Analysis of the secondary phases in the microstructure of 319 type Al alloy engine blocks using electron microscopy and nanoindentation. Trans. Indian Inst. Met. 64, 7–11 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. K. Gall, N. Yang, M. Horstemeyer, D.L. McDowell, J. Fan, The debonding of Si particles during the fatigue of a cast Al-Si alloy. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 30A, 3079–3088 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. M.H. Mulazimoglu, N. Tenekedjiev, B.M. Closset, J.E. Gruzleski, Microstructure and Thermal Analysis of Strontium Treated Aluminum-Silicon Alloys. (American Foundry Society, Inc., 1997) p. 116

  11. R. Mackay, A. Elsayed, G. Byczynski, Novel approach to thermal processing development for precision sand casting process (PSCP) of aluminum engine blocks. Int. J. Metal. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-020-00526-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. G. Byczynski, R. Mackay, The Nemak Cosworth casting process latest generation, in Shape Casting: The 10th International Symposium (The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06034-3_18

  13. G. Byczynski, R. Mackay, The Nemak Cosworth casting process—innovation, in Shape Casting: Third International Symposium (The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 2009), pp. 199–206 (ISBN: 978-0-87339-734-6).

  14. R. Mackay, G. Byczynski, Methodology to remove or scale back the solution treatment in the thermal processing of the 319-type alloy without changing material properties (23–021). AFS Trans. 131, 75–84 (2023)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This paper is based upon a presentation made at the 2023 AFS Metalcasting Congress and published in the AFS Transactions Vol. 131.14

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nemak North American Business Unit, 2 Towne Square, #300, Southfield, MI, 48076, USA

    Robert Mackay & Glenn Byczynski

Authors
  1. Robert Mackay
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Glenn Byczynski
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Robert Mackay.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This paper is based upon a presentation made at the 2023 AFS Metalcasting Congress and published in the AFS Transactions Vol. 131.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mackay, R., Byczynski, G. Methodology to Remove or Scale Back the Solution Treatment in the Thermal Processing of the 319-Type Alloy Without Changing Material Properties. Inter Metalcast (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-024-01326-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-024-01326-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation