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Impact of risk factors for gestational diabetes (GDM) on pregnancy outcomes in women with GDM

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Abstract

Purpose

In this study, we evaluated the impact of risk factors for gestational diabetes on clinical/biochemical parameters and maternal/fetal outcomes.

Methods

One hundred eighty-three (n 183) women (age 33.8 ± 5.5 years, 59% Caucasians, 41% non-Caucasians) with gestational diabetes were included in the study. Anamnestic information, anthropometric and laboratory parameters, and maternal and fetal outcomes at delivery were collected.

Results

Insulin therapy prevalence was higher in Asians vs Caucasians (p = 0.006), despite lower pre-pregnancy BMI in Asians (p = 0.0001) and in pre-pregnancy overweight vs normal weight patients (p = 0.04). Insulin-treated patients had higher fasting OGTT glucose than patients on diet therapy (p = 0.003). In multivariate analysis, Asian ethnicity, age ≥ 35 years and pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 were independent predictors of insulin therapy. Cesarean section occurred more in women aged ≥ 35 years than < 35 years (p = 0.02). Duration of pregnancy and age showed inverse correlation (r − 0.3 p = 0.013). Week of delivery was lower in patients ≥ 35 years vs patients < 35 years (p = 0.013). Fasting OGTT glucose was higher in overweight than in normal weight patients (p = 0.016). 1-h OGTT glucose was lower in obese vs normal weight (p = 0.03) and overweight patients (p = 0.03). Prevalence of prior gestational diabetes was higher in overweight/obese women (p = 0.002).

Conclusions

Ethnicity, age, and BMI have the heaviest impact on pregnancy outcomes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I, “Sapienza” University, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy

    T. Filardi, F. Tavaglione, M. Di Stasio, V. Fazio, A. Lenzi & S. Morano

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  1. T. Filardi
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  2. F. Tavaglione
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  3. M. Di Stasio
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  4. V. Fazio
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  6. S. Morano
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Correspondence to S. Morano.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Filardi, T., Tavaglione, F., Di Stasio, M. et al. Impact of risk factors for gestational diabetes (GDM) on pregnancy outcomes in women with GDM. J Endocrinol Invest 41, 671–676 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-017-0791-y

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