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Unraveling the ability of wheat to endure drought stress by analyzing physio-biochemical, stomatal and root architectural traits

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Abstract

Projected changes in the occurrence and severity of climatic events will negatively affect the wheat yield. Therefore, high-yielding and abiotic stress tolerant cultivars are crucial to establish tolerance through wheat breeding program. The current study is a move towards discovering the genetic materials that have the ability to tolerate drought stress. A set of twenty-seven diverse Indian wheat genotypes consisting mutant lines, genetic stocks, released varieties including checks was assessed under controlled environmental conditions at ICAR-IIWBR, Karnal for the study. Initially, the genotypes were screened based on the morpho-physiological traits followed by biochemical analysis to determine their antioxidant activity. The water stress significantly affected morphological, physiological and biochemical machinery of the plants. The root architectural traits were also studied for the selected genotypes. Simultaneously, the stomatal traits were recorded as supplementary characteristic to comprehend its genetic control for investigating the tolerance. Based on recorded traits and matrix scoring genotypes were categorised as tolerant, moderately tolerant, moderately susceptible and susceptible. The correlation study represented positive association of plant height with spike length, spike weight, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike, harvest index, grain filling duration and days to anthesis. The identified genotype could be further employed in wheat breeding program. So, the experimental findings encompass the ability of the identified wheat genotypes to withstand drought.

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Abbreviations

DS:

Drought stress

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

PH:

Plant height

CCI:

Chlorophyll content index

CFL:

Chlorophyll fluorescence

CT:

Canopy temperature

NDVI:

Normalized difference vegetation index

EC:

Electrical conductivity

MSI:

Membrane stability index

CAT:

Catalase

APX:

Ascorbate peroxidase

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

DH:

Days to heading

DA:

Days to anthesis

DM:

Days to maturity

BM:

Biomass

SL:

Spike length

GWPS:

Grain weight per spike

NGPS:

Number of grains per spike

HI:

Harvest index

RL:

Root length

RD:

Root diameter

RV:

Root volume

SA:

Root surface area

LS:

Length of stomata

WS:

Width of stomata

SF:

Frequency of stomata

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Acknowledgements

Authors thank Director, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal for constant encouragements and support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, 211007, UP, India

    Samruddhi Lakde

  2. ICAR-IIWBR, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India

    Samruddhi Lakde, Rinki Khobra, H. M. Mamrutha, Zeenat Wadhwa, Preety Rani, Yogesh Kumar, O. P. Ahlawat & Gyanendra Singh

  3. Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, UP, 211007, India

    Vaidurya Pratap Sahi

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The research study was planned by RK and MHM with SL. Experiment was performed by SL with RK and data was collected by SL, ZW, PR and YK. Manuscript was written by SL, RK, VPS, ZW and PR. Manuscript editing was done by RK, MHM, OPA and GS. The manuscript was perused and approved by all authors for publication.

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Lakde, S., Khobra, R., Sahi, V.P. et al. Unraveling the ability of wheat to endure drought stress by analyzing physio-biochemical, stomatal and root architectural traits. Plant Physiol. Rep. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-024-00799-z

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