Abstract
Chickpea is one of the most important food legumes in the world. Several abiotic and biotic factors limit chickpea yields, notably, heat, drought, and dry root rot (DRR) disease. The occurrence and severity of DRR are further magnified by abiotic stresses. This review highlights the current impact of DRR on chickpea production in India, the deepening of the economic losses caused by DRR owing to drought, and integrated management practices to curb DRR. Management strategies and research targeting this aspect are critical because the long-term consequences of this rapidly emerging disease could be severe owing to climate change.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2019) FAOSTAT statistical database. https://search.library.wisc.edu/catalog/999890171702121
Rawal V, Navarro D, Bansal P et al (2019) The Global Economy of Pulses
Rani A, Devi P, Jha UC et al (2020) Develo** climate-resilient chickpea involving physiological and molecular approaches with a focus on temperature and drought stresses. Front Plant Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01759
Sharma M, Ghosh R, Pande S (2016) Dry root rot (Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taub.) Butler): an emerging disease of chickpea—where do we stand? Arch Phytopathol Plant Protect 48:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2016.1140564
Gupta GK, Sharma SK, Ramteke R (2012) Biology, epidemiology and management of the pathogenic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) goid with special reference to charcoal rot of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill). J Phytopathol 160:167–180. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2012.01884.x
Aghakhani M, Dubey SC (2009) Determination of genetic diversity among Indian isolates of Rhizoctonia bataticola causing dry root rot of chickpea. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 96:607–619. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-009-9375-y
Baird RE, Watson CE, Scruggs M (2003) Relative longevity of macrophomina phaseolina and associated mycobiota on residual soybean roots in soil. Plant Dis 87:563–566. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.5.563
Jha UC, Chaturvedi SK, Bohra A et al (2014) Abiotic stresses, constraints and improvement strategies in chickpea. Plant Breed 133:163–178. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.12150
Canci H, Toker C (2009) Evaluation of yield criteria for drought and heat resistance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). J Agron Crop Sci 195:47–54. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037X.2008.00345.x
Olaya G, Abawi GS (1996) Effect of water potential on mycelial growth and on production and germination of sclerotia of Macrophomina phaseolina. Plant Dis 80:1347–1350
Sinha R, Irulappan V, Mohan-Raju B et al (2019) Impact of drought stress on simultaneously occurring pathogen infection in field-grown chickpea. Sci Rep 9:5577. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41463-z
Sharath Chandran US, Tarafdar A, Mahesha HS, Sharma M (2021) Temperature and soil moisture stress modulate the host defense response in chickpea during dry root rot incidence. Front Plant Sci 12:932. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.653265
Irulappan V, Kandpal M, Saini K et al (2022) Drought stress exacerbates fungal colonization and endodermal invasion and dampens defense responses to increase dry root rot in chickpea. MPMI. https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-07-21-0195-FI
Ramegowda V, Senthil-Kumar M (2015) The interactive effects of simultaneous biotic and abiotic stresses on plants: mechanistic understanding from drought and pathogen combination. J Plant Physiol 176:47–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2014.11.008
Berger JD, Ali M, Basu PS et al (2006) Genotype by environment studies demonstrate the critical role of phenology in adaptation of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) to high and low yielding environments of India. Field Crop Res 98:230–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2006.02.007
Devasirvatham V, Gaur PM, Mallikarjuna N et al (2012) Effect of high temperature on the reproductive development of chickpea genotypes under controlled environments. Funct Plant Biol 39:1009–1018. https://doi.org/10.1071/FP12033
Sharma M, Pande S (2013) Unravelling effects of temperature and soil moisture stress response on development of dry root rot [Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taub.)] Butler in Chickpea. Am J Plant Sci 4:584–589. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2013.43076
Kundu S, Khare D, Mondal A (2017) Future changes in rainfall, temperature and reference evapotranspiration in the central India by least square support vector machine. Geosci Front 8:583–596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2016.06.002
Basha G, Kishore P, Ratnam MV et al (2017) Historical and projected surface temperature over India during the 20th and 21st century. Sci Rep 7:2987. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-02130-3
Pandey AK, Basandrai AK (2021) Will Macrophomina phaseolina spread in legumes due to climate change? A critical review of current knowledge. J Plant Dis Prot 128:9–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-020-00374-2
Galili S, Ran H, Dor E et al (2018) The history of chickpea cultivation and breeding in Israel. Israel J Plant Sci 65:186–194. https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-00001039
Gaur P, Kumar J, Laxmipathi Gowda C et al (2008) Breeding chickpea for early phenology: perspectives, progress and prospects. Food Legum Nutr Secur Sustain Agric 2:39–48
Karadi A, Samineni S, Sajja S et al (2021) Molecular map** of dry root rot resistance genes in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Euphytica 217:123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-021-02854-4
Chamorro M, Miranda L, Domínguez P et al (2015) Evaluation of biosolarization for the control of charcoal rot disease (Macrophomina phaseolina) in strawberry. Crop Prot 67:279–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2014.10.021
Manjunatha SV, Naik MK, Khan MFR, Goswami RS (2013) Evaluation of bio-control agents for management of dry root rot of chickpea caused by Macrophomina phaseolina. Crop Prot 45:147–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2012.09.003
Pande S, Kishore GK, Upadhyaya HD, Rao JN (2006) Identification of sources of multiple disease resistance in mini-core collection of Chickpea. Plant Dis 90:1214–1218. https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-90-1214
Irulappan V, Senthil-Kumar M (2021) Dry root rot disease assays in chickpea: a detailed methodology. JoVE (J Visual Exp). https://doi.org/10.3791/61702
Irulappan V, Mali KV, Patil BS et al (2021) A sick plot-based protocol for dry root rot disease assessment in field-grown chickpea plants. Appl Plant Sci 9:11445. https://doi.org/10.1002/aps3.11445
Talekar SC, Lohithaswa HC, Viswanatha KP (2017) Identification of resistant sources and DNA markers linked to genomic region conferring dry root rot resistance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Plant Breeding 136:161–166. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.12448
Ghosh R, Tarafdar A, Sharma M (2017) Rapid and sensitive diagnoses of dry root rot pathogen of chickpea (Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taub.) Butler) using loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. Sci Rep 7:42737. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep42737
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Institute of Plant Genome Research Core Funding and partly under the mission program of the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) on “Characterization of genetic resources” grant no. (BT/Ag/Network/Chickpea/2019-20) to S.K.M., the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) junior research fellowship [CSIR File no.—09/803(0177)/2020-EMR-I] to R.M. and [CSIR File no.—09/803(0176)/2020-EMR-I] to A.R.C., and DBT senior research fellowship (DBT- JRF (DBT/2015/NIPGR/430)) to V.I. The authors thank Dr. Prachi Pandey for suggestions on this manuscript.
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Significance statement: Dry root rot (DRR) is an emerging disease of chickpea caused by a necrotrophic fungal pathogen. DRR is already responsible for significant yield losses in chickpea. Furthermore, drought and heat stress increase DRR severity and incidence. This implies that in the future changing climate scenario, DRR could cause even higher economic losses in chickpea. Research in this field would aid in understanding the mechanisms of the disease and possibly reduce future losses caused by the disease.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Mirchandani, R., Irulappan, V., Chilakala, A.R. et al. Dry root rot disease: Current status and future implications for chickpea production. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India, Sect. B Biol. Sci. 93, 791–800 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-023-01451-w
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-023-01451-w