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Head space single-drop microextraction of pyridine from nargile smoke and determination by high-performance liquid chromatography

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Abstract

This study aimed to apply the headspace single-drop microextraction (HS-SDME) method for extracting and determining pyridine in nargile smoke samples, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). We optimised the different parameters to evaluate the HS-SDME process. The optimum conditions were 2.5 µL of toluene as the extracting solvent, 150 s as the optimal extraction time, ionic strength of 15% NaCl and stirring of the solution at 700 rpm. Under the optimal conditions, the HS-SDME–HPLC technique has a linear range for pyridine between 0.05 and 30.0 µg L−1, with a minimum limit of detection (LOD) of approximately 0.028 µg L−1. Statistical data showed good accuracy and precision. The proposed method can be used for microextraction and analyses of ultra-trace amounts of pyridine in nargile smoke samples.

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Abbreviations

DI:

Direct immersion

HS:

Headspace

LPME:

Liquid-phase microextraction

SDME:

Single-drop microextraction

UV:

Ultraviolet

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Petroleum Technology, Erbil Technology College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq

    Yousif Taha Maaroof

  2. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq

    Yousif Taha Maaroof & Kamal Mustafa Mahmoud

Authors
  1. Yousif Taha Maaroof
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  2. Kamal Mustafa Mahmoud
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Correspondence to Yousif Taha Maaroof.

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Maaroof, Y.T., Mahmoud, K.M. Head space single-drop microextraction of pyridine from nargile smoke and determination by high-performance liquid chromatography. J IRAN CHEM SOC 21, 421–428 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-023-02935-2

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