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Catalytic supercritical water gasification of biomass waste using iron-doped alkaline earth catalysts

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Abstract

The objective of this study is to optimise the process of supercritical water gasification of rice husk biomass utilising a low-cost catalyst made from alkaline-earth materials. The interactions between catalyst loading and Fe content on gasification yield were investigated using response surface methodology. The catalyst characterisation findings revealed that the catalysts’ predominant reactive site is on iron oxide, calcium ferrite, and calcium oxide. Under all the conditions tested, the manufactured catalyst was highly active in promoting char gasification, gas volume, and gasification efficiency whilst the tar yield was substantially elevated. The maximum gasification efficiency of 69.57%, gas yield of 402.8 mL/g biomass, char yield 24.68 wt%, and gravimetric tar yield of 57.5 mg/g were obtained under the catalytic conditions of 15% catalyst loading with 5%Fe/limestone, 492 °C, 120-min residence time, and 9.5 wt% feed concentrations. Thus, the manufactured catalyst showed a potential for optimising gasification outputs.

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Acknowledgements

We are thankful to the Water Infrastructure and Sustainable Energy Futures (WISE-Futures), the University of Dodoma (UDOM), and the Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST) for their support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials, Energy, Water and Environmental Sciences (MEWES), Institution of Science and Technology, The Nelson Mandela African, PO Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania

    Ramadhani Bakari, Thomas Kivevele & Yusufu A. C. Jande

  2. African Center of Excellence for Water Infrastructure and Sustainable Energy Futures (WISE-Futures), Institution of Science and Technology, The Nelson Mandela African, PO Box 9124, Arusha, Tanzania

    Ramadhani Bakari, Thomas Kivevele & Yusufu A. C. Jande

  3. Department of Petroleum and Energy Engineering, The University of Dodoma, PO Box 11090, Dodoma, Tanzania

    Ramadhani Bakari

  4. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada

    **ao Huang

Authors
  1. Ramadhani Bakari
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  2. Thomas Kivevele
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  3. **ao Huang
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  4. Yusufu A. C. Jande
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Contributions

Ramadhani Bakari: conceptualisation, methodology, writing — original draft preparation; Thomas Kivevele: supervision, writing — reviewing and editing; **ao Huang: supercritical water reactor, supervision, writing — reviewing and editing; and Yusufu A. C. Jande: supervision, writing — reviewing and editing.

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Correspondence to Ramadhani Bakari or Yusufu A. C. Jande.

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Bakari, R., Kivevele, T., Huang, X. et al. Catalytic supercritical water gasification of biomass waste using iron-doped alkaline earth catalysts. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 14, 7487–7506 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-02800-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-02800-x

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