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Population genetic analysis reveals secondary contact between Eriocheir sinensis and E. japonica in South Korea

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Abstract

Background

The Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) and the Japanese mitten crab (E. japonica) of the family Varunidae, which are also critical fishery species in their native habitats, including China, Japan, and South Korea, exhibit a rare migration life history for the decapod life cycle. Eriocheir sinensis and E. japonica in South Korea may have originated from speciation or secondary contact in South Korea after speciation of these two species; however, the genetic relationship between these South Korean populations remains unclear, and need to be clarified.

Objective

This study examined the population genetic properties of E. sinensis and E. japonica in South Korea to reveal the origin of their co-existence.

Methods

Mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase I sequences of 120 E. sinensis and E. japonica from 6 sampling sites in South Korea were sequenced. Their genetic diversity and haplotype data were compared to previously reported data from the Chinese mainland, Taiwan, Japan, and Russia.

Results

The haplotype network, analysis of molecular variance, FST values, Mantel test, and Bayesian skyline plot results of South Korean E. sinensis and E. japonica demonstrated that E. sinensis and E. japonica were isolated from their central populations, Chinese and Japanese populations, by the distance due to the temperature, salinity, ocean current flow, or a geohistorical event. In addition, genetic analysis indicated that the South Korean populations of the two species were marginal populations, exhibiting low genetic diversity, significant negative neutrality values, and radial haplotype networks. The current results also suggest that the Geum River is an overlap** habitat for the natural populations of E. sinensis and E. japonica in South Korea. Further research is required to examine the geohistorical and evolutionary event between E. sinensis and E. japonica in South Korea.

Conclusions

The co-existence of E. sinensis and E. japonica in South Korea may have originated from secondary contact after their speciation.

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Acknowledgements

This work supported by National Institute of Biological Resources, Korea (NIBR) research grant (NIBR202106101), Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2021R1A6A1A10039823) and the RP-Grant 2021 of Ewha Womans University. Dr. Sang-Kyu Lee (Seoul National University) and Dr. Hyun Kyong Kim (Honam National Institue of Biological Resources) helped with the study material sampling. Meijun Tang participated in the manuscript review.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea

    Jibom Jung

  2. Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Fisheries University, Shanghai, China

    Xugan Wu

  3. Overseas Biological Resources Team, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, South Korea

    Taeseo Park

  4. Department of Biological Science, Silla University, Busan, South Korea

    Seok-hyun Lee

  5. Research Institute of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea

    Hee-seung Hwang

  6. Division of EcoCreative, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea

    Juwon Jung & Jongwoo Jung

  7. Department of Science Education, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea

    Jongwoo Jung

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  1. Jibom Jung
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  3. Taeseo Park
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  4. Seok-hyun Lee
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  5. Hee-seung Hwang
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  6. Juwon Jung
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Contributions

JJ, TP, and JJ designed the study. JJ, JJ, and S-hL performed the field work. XW provided the COI sequences of E. sinensis in China. JJ analyzed the specimens. JJ, H-sH, JJ, and JJ contributed to the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of the sequence data. JJ drafted the manuscript. XW, TP, S-hL, H-sH, JJ, and JJ participated in the manuscript revision.

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Correspondence to Jongwoo Jung.

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Jung, J., Wu, X., Park, T. et al. Population genetic analysis reveals secondary contact between Eriocheir sinensis and E. japonica in South Korea. Genes Genom 44, 593–602 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13258-021-01198-6

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