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The state-of-the-art review on the lost circulation phenomenon, its mechanisms, and the application of nano and natural LCM in the water-based drilling fluid

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Abstract

Loss of mud is one of the most challenging issues in drilling operations. This is frequently referred to as lost circulation. The lost circulation can arise in naturally fractured formations and formations ruptured by the drilling mud’s hydrostatic head. It wastes expensive drilling mud and the time required for rig operations. Numerous methods, techniques, and treatments are presented to mitigate the lost circulation. Based on the period in which these treatments were employed, they are classified as preventive (before the occurrence of the lost circulation) and corrective (after its occurrence). One of the treatments used in the preventive technique is the application of lost circulation materials (LCMs). LCMs are additives used in the drilling mud to seal the cracks in the formation. Service companies and LCM manufacturers are continually introducing hundreds of materials every year. The LCM is classified into three groups based on the raw material properties: fibrous, flaky, and granular. Natural and biodegradable materials, owing to their environmentally benign characteristics and economic feasibility, are also used to mitigate lost circulation events. In recent decades, the application of nanotechnology, nano-based materials, has attracted a lot of attention. Considering their excellent features in general and particularly in the sealing process, nanomaterials, such as nanosilica and calcium carbonate, are employed for treating lost circulation problems. This paper aims at presenting the LCMs employed for mitigating lost circulation occurrences with a special focus on the natural and biodegradable materials and nanomaterials used for this purpose.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Koya University, Koya, KOY45, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

    Pshtiwan T. Jaf & Jafar A. Ali

  2. Petroleum Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

    Ayad A. Razzaq

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  1. Pshtiwan T. Jaf
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Jaf, P.T., Razzaq, A.A. & Ali, J.A. The state-of-the-art review on the lost circulation phenomenon, its mechanisms, and the application of nano and natural LCM in the water-based drilling fluid. Arab J Geosci 16, 32 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-11104-3

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