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Unraveling Dysregulated Cell Signaling Pathways, Genetic and Epigenetic Mysteries of Parkinson’s Disease

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Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent and burdensome neurodegenerative disorder that has been extensively researched to understand its complex etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. The interplay between genetic and environmental factors in PD makes its pathophysiology difficult to comprehend, emphasizing the need for further investigation into genetic and epigenetic markers involved in the disease. Early diagnosis is crucial for optimal management of the disease, and the development of novel diagnostic biomarkers is ongoing. Although many efforts have been made in the field of recognition and interpretation of the mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of the disease, the current knowledge about PD is just the tip of the iceberg. By scrutinizing genetic and epigenetic patterns underlying PD, new avenues can be opened for dissecting the pathology of the disorder, leading to more precise and efficient diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This review emphasizes the importance of studying dysregulated cell signaling pathways and molecular processes associated with genes and epigenetic alterations in understanding PD, paving the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to combat this devastating disease.

Graphical Abstract

Epigenetic signaling cascade in PD. Figure was extracted from the Pathway Studio, Elsevier.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, for the finding assistance.

Funding

This work was supported by the Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (grant number 98-4-20-13245 and 96-03-117-31785).

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  1. Shayesteh Kokabi Hamidpour and Mobina Amiri equally contributed.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

    Shayesteh Kokabi Hamidpour, Mobina Amiri & Abdolhamid Angaji

  2. Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran

    Arsh Haj Mohamad Ebrahim Ketabforoush & Shima Tavakol

  3. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA

    Saeedeh Saeedi

  4. Department of Research and Development, Tavakol BioMimetic Technologies Company, Tehran, Iran

    Shima Tavakol

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Shayesteh Kokabi Hamidpour: writing and editing epigenetic section. Mobina Amiri: writing the cell signaling and genetic section. Arsh Haj Mohamad Ebrahim Ketabforoush: writing the introduction. Saeede Saeedi: writing the epigenic section. Abdolhamid Angaji: conceptualization. Shima Tavakol: conceptualization, methodology, supervision, writing—editing and review, and funding acquisition.

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Hamidpour, S.K., Amiri, M., Ketabforoush, A.H.M.E. et al. Unraveling Dysregulated Cell Signaling Pathways, Genetic and Epigenetic Mysteries of Parkinson’s Disease. Mol Neurobiol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-024-04128-1

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