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Revolutionizing Dye Removal: Unleashing the Power of Liquid–Liquid Extraction Batch Process

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Abstract

This study focuses on numerically optimizing key process parameters related to the liquid–liquid extraction batch process (LLEBP) technique for carrying out batch runs to remove methyl red effectively (MR) from dye effluent. LLEBP, a suitable industrial process for treating dye effluents, depends on the number of reaction parameters such as feed concentration, extraction time, and dye ratio (solution/solvent). The current research utilized a central composite design (CCD) of experiments along with numerical optimization techniques to optimize process parameters over a range of dye concentrations: (20–100) ppm, extraction time range 10–30 min, and dye ratio 1–3 mL/mL (solution/solvent). The batch runs performed at room temperature and a constant pH of 3, according to the experimental design criteria, suggest that maximum dye removal efficiency and distribution coefficient value could be achieved within the feed concentration range of (20–30) ppm, 20–30 min of extraction time, and 1–3 mL/mL of dye ratio (solution/solvent). Solvent capacity increases significantly within the (60–100) ppm feed concentration range. Numerical optimization with desirability function criteria identified optimal conditions: 20 ppm dye concentration, 30 min extraction time, and 3 mL/mL dye ratio ensuring maximum LLEBP yield. The current investigation achieved a 4% higher dye removal (%) of 85.682 compared to the previous study. The distribution coefficient and solvent capacity attained were 5.287 and 4.504 mg/L, respectively. The research enhances understanding of the optimization process for LLEBP in MR dye removal from textile effluent, surpassing previous findings within the same input range. The manuscript aims to maximize process optimization using CCD, promoting sustainable industry progress in line with UN sustainable development goals.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. 2021R1A2C2006888).

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Author notes

  1. Kedar Sahoo and Uma Sankar Behera have equally contributed and are first and second authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, 506004, India

    Kedar Sahoo

  2. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Jeonnam, 59626, South Korea

    Uma Sankar Behera & Hun-Soo Byun

  3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, West Bengal, 721657, India

    Sourav Poddar

Authors
  1. Kedar Sahoo
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  2. Uma Sankar Behera
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  3. Sourav Poddar
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  4. Hun-Soo Byun
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Contributions

Kedar Sahoo: conceptualization, methodology, writing—original draft, validation; Uma Sankar Behera: conceptualization, methodology, writing—original draft, visualization, validation; Sourav Poddar: conceptualization, methodology, writing original draft, visualization, validation; Hun-Soo Byun: supervision, review and editing, funding acquisition, visualization, validation, project administration.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Sourav Poddar or Hun-Soo Byun.

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Sahoo, K., Behera, U.S., Poddar, S. et al. Revolutionizing Dye Removal: Unleashing the Power of Liquid–Liquid Extraction Batch Process. Korean J. Chem. Eng. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-024-00203-4

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