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Application of non-linear curve-fitting to develop dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by HPTLC for determination of milk-surfactant adulteration

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Abstract

Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) in combination with high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) is proposed as a green, and reliable technique for simultaneous determination of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfate (SDBS) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as milk adulterations. The surfactant’s models were prepared in different concentration ranges (100–400 µg ml−1). At first, in DLLME procedure, the extraction conditions of anionic surfactants from milk were optimized by using central composite design (CCD). To obtain this purpose, volume of extraction solvent, speed of centrifuge and time of extraction were considered as effective factors. The proposed method needed only 5 ml of sample, and 500 µl of chloroform as microextraction solvent. Next, milk samples were analyzed by HPTLC. Subsequently HPTLC images were digitized and non-linear curve-fitting was implemented to the digitized measuring points chromatogram for elimination of random fluctuation, efficient denoising order to provide the reliable estimations of peak area. The fitted models were assessed by coefficient of determination (R2), adjusted coefficient of determination (Adj R2), sum of squares error (SSE), standard deviation (SD) and root mean square error (RMSE) which were estimated 0.97, 0.96, 0.001, 0.032 and 0.002 respectively. As a result, detection limits (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ) and R2 for SDS and SDBS were 27, 33 µg ml−1 and 89, 94 µg ml−1 and 0.9932, 0.9917 respectively. The repeatability (RSD%) of the method for seven analyses and the extraction recovery were found to be 2.7–5.7% and 76.4–105.6% and 71–88.9% for SDS and SDBS respectively.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Food and Drug Control Laboratory staffs, Food and Drug Deputy, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

    Elahesadat Hosseini

  2. Department of Food Science and Technology, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran

    Leila Nateghi

  3. Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Bahram Daraei

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Hosseini, E., Nateghi, L. & Daraei, B. Application of non-linear curve-fitting to develop dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by HPTLC for determination of milk-surfactant adulteration. Food Measure 18, 1517–1527 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-023-02251-6

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