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Extraction of phenolic compounds from tomato pomace using choline chloride–based deep eutectic solvents

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Abstract

The objective of this research was to investigate the efficacy of deep eutectic solvents (DESs)to extract polyphenolic compounds from tomato pomace with the assistance of ultrasound. The phytochemical constituents of tomato pomace extracts (TPE) were verified with a combination of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS) and FTIR analysis. The extracted phenolic compounds from tomato pomace were quantified by Folin-Ciocalteu method. The predominant components in tomato pomace extracts were phenolic acids and flavanols. Chlorogenic acid was detected as the main phenolic compound in tomato extracts. The redox behavior of tomato pomace extracts was evaluated by means of cyclic voltammetry. Antioxidant activities of the obtained extracts were determined using the DPPH and ABTS scavenging assays. The reduction capacity of the extracts was assessed using ferric reducing power (FRAP) and phosphomolybdenum (PM) assays. extracts with DESs are characterized by the highest level of antioxidant activity. Theoretical study based on quantum chemistry/molecular modeling were performed to confirm the antioxidants capacity of compounds of tomato pomace extracts. Quantum chemical descriptors such as the frontier orbital energies (EHOMO and ELUMO), the energy gap between EHOMOand ELUMO (ΔE), hardness, and electrophilicity index have been calculated and discussed.

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Abbreviations

HPLC–DAD-MS:

Diode array detection and tandem mass spectrometry

DESs:

Deep eutectic solvents

TPE:

Tomato pomace extract

DPPH:

1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl

ABTS:

2,2′ -Azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid

FTIR:

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

FRAP:

Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay

PM:

Phosphomolybdenum assays

EHOMO :

Energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital

ELUMO :

Energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital

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Funding

This work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine [Grant No. 2403, 2021].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Technology, National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine

    Viktoria Vorobyova & Georgii Vasyliev

  2. Department of Inorganic Materials Technology and Ecology, Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Dnipro, 49005, Ukraine

    Margarita Skiba

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  1. Viktoria Vorobyova
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VV: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, writing-original draft, GV: cyclic voltammetry analysis writing-review and editing draft, MS: formal analysis.

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Correspondence to Viktoria Vorobyova.

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Vorobyova, V., Skiba, M. & Vasyliev, G. Extraction of phenolic compounds from tomato pomace using choline chloride–based deep eutectic solvents. Food Measure 16, 1087–1104 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-021-01238-5

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