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Improvement of Oxidation Resistance in Tungsten Heavy Alloys through Si, Y2O3, Ni, and Co Addition

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Abstract

Self-passivating tungsten heavy alloys are important due to their high melting point, strong mechanical properties, and good oxidation resistance. Powder metallurgy is a key process in the preparation of these alloys, where it allows for precise control over composition and the inclusion of alloying elements. In the present study, we aim to evaluate the effect of alloying elements on the oxidation resistance of W-1Si-0.3Y2O3, W-10Ni-3Co-0.3Y2O3 and W-10Ni-3Co-1Si-0.3Y2O3 alloys fabricated by mechanical alloying followed by conventional pressureless sintering. The isothermal oxidation behaviour of synthesized alloys was conducted at 800, 1000 and 1200 °C up to 10 h to study oxide growth kinetics, phase and microstructure evolution. The addition of 1 wt.% Si into tungsten produces fine SiO2 particles on tungsten oxide grain boundaries during oxidation, which effectively prevents WO3 grain growth and crack propagation. However, low Si content results in a lack of continuous oxide layer, leading to WO3 volatilization. In contrast, alloys W-10Ni-1Si-0.3Y2O3 and W-10Ni-3Co-1Si-0.3Y2O3 exhibit enhanced oxidation resistance due to the formation of a dense NiWO4/CoWO4 layer beneath the porous WO3 + SiO2 layer. The resistance of tungsten to oxidation was significantly increased through the addition of Si, Y2O3, Ni and Co.

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Acknowledgments

Authors are grateful to Dr. Mayadhar Debata, Principal Scientist, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology (IMMT) Bhubaneswar for allowing fabrication of samples by conventional sintering in H2 atmosphere for oxidation study.

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  1. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India

    Vadla Suman & D. Chaira

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  1. Vadla Suman
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This article is an invited submission to the Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance selected from presentations at the 4th International Conference on Processing & Characterization of Materials (ICPCM 2022) held December 9-11, 2022, at the National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India. It has been expanded from the original presentation. The issue was organized by Prof. Joao Pedro Oliveira, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal; Prof. B. Venkata Manoj Kumar, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India; Dr. D. Arvindha Babu, DMRL, DRDO, Hyderabad, India; Prof. Kumud Kant Mehta and Prof. Anshuman Patra, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India; and Prof. Manab Mallik, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, India.

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Suman, V., Chaira, D. Improvement of Oxidation Resistance in Tungsten Heavy Alloys through Si, Y2O3, Ni, and Co Addition. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 33, 5279–5290 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-023-08366-7

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