SpringerLink
Log in

Features of sampling stream sediments of large river valleys under cryolithogenesis conditions in the Balygychan–Sugoy trough, North–East of Russia

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Acta Geochimica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Comprehensive research has been implemented to raise the efficiency of the geochemical survey of stream sediments (SSs) that formed under the cryolithogenesis conditions. The authors analysed the composition, structure and specific features of the formation of exogenous anomalous geochemical fields (AGFs) identified through SSs of large river valleys of IV order. In our case, these were the valleys of Maly Ken, Ken and Tap Rivers. These rivers are located in the central and southern parts of the Balygychan–Sugoy trough enclosed in the Magadan region, North–East of Russia. The authors proposed a new technique to sample loose alluvium of SSs in the large river valleys along the profiles. The profiles were located across the valleys. The AGFs of Au, Ag, Pb, Zn, Sn, Bi, Mo and W were studied. Correlations between elements have been established. These elements are the main indicator elements of Au–Ag, Ag–Pb, Sn–Ag, Mo–W and Sn–W mineralization occurring on the sites under study. The results obtained were compared with the results of geochemical surveys of SSs. It is concluded that the AGFs recognized along the profiles reflect the composition and structure of eroded and drained ore zones, uncover completely and precisely the pattern of element distribution in loose sediments of large water flows. The alluvium fraction < 0.25 mm seems to be most significant in a practical sense, as it concentrated numerous ore elements. Sampling of this fraction in the river valleys of IV order does not cause any difficulty, for this kind of material is plentiful. The developed technique of alluvium sampling within large river valleys is efficient in searching for diverse mineralization at all stages of prognostic prospecting. It is applicable for geochemical survey of SSs performed at different scales both in the North–East of Russia, as well as other regions with similar climatic conditions, where the SSs are formed under the cryolithogenesis conditions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. CR is the number obtained by dividing the average element content in the AGF by its background.

References

  • Ali L, Williamson BJ, Moon CJ, Shah MT, Khattak SA (2015) Distribution of gold in different size fractions of stream sediments as a guide to bedrock gold mineralisation along the Shyok Suture Zone and adjacent areas of the Kohistan Island Arc, Pakistan. Arab J Geosci. 8:2227–2235 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-014-1306-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ayari J, Barbieri M, Barhoumi A, Belkhiria W, Braham A, Dhaha F, Charef A (2022) A regional-scale geochemical survey of stream sediment samples in Nappe zone, northern Tunisia: implications for mineral exploration. J Geochem Explor. 235:106956 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2022.106956

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Azmi H, Moarefvand P, Maghsoudi A (2021) Gold anomaly ranking based on stream sediment geochemistry in the Fariman-Kashmar axis, NE Iran. Acta Geochim. 40(2):135–149 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11631-020-00420-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Belyi VF (2008) Problems of geological and isotopic age of the Okhotsk-Chukotsk Volcanogenic Belt (OCVB). Stratigr Geol Correl. 16:639–649 https://doi.org/10.1134/S086959380806004X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bogolyubov AN, Sochevanov NN (1959) Small-scale metallometric searches for polymetals on halos and stream sediments. Razved Ohr Nedr. 10:9–12 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyle RW, Koehler GF, Moxham RL, Palmer HC (1958) Heavy metal, Zn, Cu, Pb, content of water and sediments in streams, rivers and lakes, southwestern Nova Scotia. Geol Surv Can https://doi.org/10.4095/101217

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bradshaw PMD, Clews DR, Walker JL (1972) Exploration geochemistry. Barringer Research Ltd, Rexdale

    Google Scholar 

  • Cambel B, Stresko V, Sherencakova O (1980) The contents of gold in pyrites of various genesis. Geol Zb Geol Carp. 31:139–159

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen X, Zheng YY, Xu RK, Wang HM, Jiang XJ, Yan HZ, Cai PJ, Guo XZ (2016) Application of classical statistics and multifractals to delineate Au mineralization-related geochemical anomalies from stream sediment data: a case study in **nghai-Zeku, Qinghai, China. Geochem Explor Environ Anal. 16:253–264 https://doi.org/10.1144/geochem2016-424

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chork CY, Cruikshank BI (1984) Statistical map analysis of regional stream-sediment data from Australia. J Geochem Explor. 21:405–419 https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(84)90064-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cook NJ, Chryssoulis SL (1990) Concentrations of “invisible gold” in the common sulfides. Can Miner. 28:1–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Dahlberg EC (1968) Application of a selective simulation and sampling technique to the interpretation of stream-sediment copper anomalies near South mountain, Pennsylvania. Econ Geol. 63:409–417 https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.63.4.409

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Day SJ, Fletcher WK (1989) Effects of valley and local channel morphology on the distribution of gold in stream sediments from Harris Creek, British Columbia, Canada. J Geochem Explor. 32:1–16 https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(89)90040-X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deditius AP, Reich M, Kesler SE, Utsunomiya S, Chryssoulis SL, Walshe J, Ewing RC (2014) The coupled geochemistry of Au and As in pyrite from hydrothermal ore deposits. Geochim Cosmochim Acta. 140:644–670 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.05.045

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Degrys A (1961) Copper, lead and zinc in rivers draining Chilean Andes. Econ Geol. 56:1456–1464 https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.56.8.1456

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ehrig K, Ciobanu CL, Verdugo-Ihl MR, Dmitrijeva M, Cook NJ, Slattery AD (2023) Lifting the cloak of invisibility: gold in pyrite from the Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au-Ag deposit, South Australia. Am Miner. 108:259–276 https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2022-8395

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Filosofov VP (1975) Fundamentals of the morphometric method of prospecting for tectonic structures. Saratov University, Saratov (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fleet ME, Chryssoulis SL, MacLean PJ, Davidson R, Weisener CG (1993) Arsenian pyrite from gold deposits: Au and As distribution investigated by SIMS and EMP, and color staining and surface oxidation by XPS and LIMS. Can Miner. 31:1–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Gao FP, Du YS, Pang ZS, Du YL, **n FP, **e JS (2019) LA-ICP-MS trace-element analysis of pyrite from the Huanxiangwa gold deposit, **ong’ershan District, China: implications for ore genesis. Minerals. 9:157 https://doi.org/10.3390/min9030157

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goncharov VI, Alshevsky AV, Vortsepnev VV (1984) Geology and minerals of north-east Asia. Nauka, Vladivostok (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Grigoryan SV, Solovov AP, Kuzin MF (1983) Instruction on geochemical prospecting for ore deposits. Nedra, Moscow (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hawkes HE, Bloom H (1956) Heavy metals in stream sediment used as exploration guides. Min Eng. 8:1121–1126

    Google Scholar 

  • Hawkes HE, Webb JS (1962) Geochemistry in mineral exploration. Harper & Row, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Horton RE (1945) Erosional development of streams and their drainage basins; hydrophysical approach to quantitative morphology. Geol Soc Am Bull. 56:275–370 https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1945)56[275:EDOSAT]2.0.CO;2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ishida M, Romero R, Leisen M, Yasukawa K, Nakamura K, Barra F, Reich M, Ya K (2022) Auriferous pyrite formed by episodic fluid inputs in the Akeshi and Kasuga high-sulfidation deposits, Southern Kyushu, Japan. Miner Depos 57:129–145 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-021-01053-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kiryukhin VA, Shvets VM (2010) Groundwater runoff—key problem of regional hydrogeology. Proc High Educ Establ Geol Explor. 5:42–47 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitaev NA (1990) Multidimensional analysis of geochemical fields. Nauka, Novosibirsk (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Konstantinov MM, Rosenblum IS, Strujkov SF (1993) Types of epithermal silver deposits, northeastern Russia. Econ Geol. 88:1797–1809 https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.88.7.1797

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Konstantinov MM, Natalenko VE, Kalinin AI, Strujkov SF (1998) Dukat gold-silver deposit. Nedra, Moscow (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Konstantinov MM, Kostin AV, Sidorov AA (2003) The geology of silver ore deposits. SUE NPPC “Sakhapolygraphizdat,” Yakutsk (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kravtsova RG (2010) Geochemistry and forming conditions of gold-silver ore-forming systems, Northern Pre Okhotsk Region. Academic Publishing House “Geo,” Novosibirsk (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kravtsova RG, Andrulaytis LD (1989) Forms of occurrence of gold, silver and mercury and their distribution patterns in ores and endogenous haloes of gold-silver deposits. Trans (dokl) USSR Acad Sci Earth Sci Sect. 307:180–183

    Google Scholar 

  • Kravtsova RG, Solomonova LA (1985) Gold in pyrite from ores and metasomatites of the gold-silver deposits in the North Okhot’ye volcanogenic fields. Geochem Int. 22:9–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Kravtsova RG, Zakharov MN (1996) Geochemical concentration fields of Dukat gold–silver bearing ore magmatic system (North–East Russia). Geol Geofiz. 37:28–38 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kravtsova RG, Zakharov MN, Ivanov OP (1996) Combined geochemical investigations of the Pestrinsk silver-bearing field (Northeast Russia). Geol Ore Depos. 38:378–389

    Google Scholar 

  • Kravtsova RG, Zakharov MN, Shatkov NG (1998) Mineralogical and geochemical features of host rocks of the Gol’tsovoe silver-base metal deposit (Northeastern Russia). Geol Ore Depos. 40:197–210

    Google Scholar 

  • Kravtsova RG, Borovikov AA, Borisenko AS, Prokof’ev VY (2003) Formation conditions of gold–silver deposits in the northern Okhotsk region, Russia. Geol Ore Depos. 45:395–415

    Google Scholar 

  • Kravtsova RG, Pavlova LA, Rogozina YuI (2010a) Modes of Ag occurrence in the loose deposits of dispersal trains at Au–Ag mineral deposits. Geochem Int. 48:731–736 https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016702910070104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kravtsova RG, Pavlova LA, Rogozina YuI, Makshakov AS (2010b) First data on forms of gold occurrence in lithochemical sedimental streams of the gold–silver Dukat deposit (Northeastern Russia). Dokl Earth Sci. 434:1184–1191 https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X10090096

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kravtsova RG, Makshakov AS, Pavlova LA (2015) Mineral and geochemical compositions, regularities of distribution, and specific formation of ore mineralization of the Rogovik gold-silver deposit (northeastern Russia). Russ Geol Geophys. 56:1367–1383 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rgg.2015.09.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kravtsova RG, Tarasova YI, Makshakov AS, Pavlova LA (2016) Distribution and modes of occurrence of Au, Ag, and associated elements in the sediment streams of Au–Ag zones at the Dukat deposit (Northeastern Russia). Russ Geol Geophys. 57:529–548 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rgg.2015.03.017

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kravtsova RG, Makshakov AS, Tauson VL, Belozerova OYu, Tatarinov VV (2022) Speciation features of gold in ores and minerals of the Natalkinskoe deposit (North-East Russia). Geodyn Tectonophys. 13:0595. https://doi.org/10.5800/GT-2022-13-2s-0595. (in Russian with English abstract)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kravtsova R, Pavlova L (2010) Determination of modes and structure of gold and silver occurrence in Hypergene deposits by electron probe microanalysis method (exemplified by loose sediments of water currents of the Dukat deposit). In: Proceeding National of the Academy of Sciences Bulgaria. Materials of 10th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference, vol. 1: Geology. SGEM, Albena, pp 1–8

  • Kuznetsov VM, Livach AE (2005) Construction and metallogenic zoning of the Balygychan-Sugoy trough. In: Goncharov VI, Kuznetsov VM (eds) Problems of metallogeny of ore regions in North-East of Russia: proceedings. NEISRI FEB RAS, Magadan, pp 156–177 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kvashnevskaya NV (1957) Prospecting for ore deposits on stream sediments. Geochemical prospecting for ore deposits in the USSR. Gosgeoltekhizdat, Moscow, pp 146–157 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Large RR, Maslennikov VV (2020) Invisible gold paragenesis and geochemistry in pyrite from orogenic and sediment-hosted gold deposits. Minerals. 10:339 https://doi.org/10.3390/min10040339

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Large RR, Danyushevsky L, Hollit C, Maslennikov V, Meffre S, Gilbert S, Bull S, Scott R, Emsbo P, Thomas H, Singh B, Foster J (2009) Gold and trace element zonation in pyrite using a laser imaging technique: implications for the timing of gold in orogenic and Carlin-style sediment-hosted deposits. Econ Geol. 104:635–668 https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.104.5.635

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin X, Hu YQ, Meng GG, Zhang MM (2020) Geochemical patterns of Cu, Au, Pb and Zn in stream sediments from Tongling of East China: compositional and geostatistical insights. J Geochem Explor. 210:106457 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2019.106457

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin CG, Yao XF, Mao JW, Yan TJ, Cheng ZZ, Mi KF, Jia HX, Lin LJ (2023) Source of ore-forming fluid and material in the Baiyun gold deposit, Liaoning Province, NE China: constraints from H-O-S-Pb isotopes and in-situ analyses of Au-bearing pyrites. J Earth Sci. 34:1–19 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-021-1420-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lipp AG, de Caritat P, Roberts GG (2023) Geochemical map** by unmixing alluvial sediments: an example from northern Australia. J Geochem Explor. 248:107174 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2023.107174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Y, Cheng QM, **a QL, Wang XQ (2014) Multivariate analysis of stream sediment data from Nanling metallogenic belt, South China. Geochem Explor Environ Anal. 14:331–340 https://doi.org/10.1144/geochem2013-213

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu JC, Wang YT, Huang SK, Wei R, Sun ZH, Hu QQ, Hao JL (2020) The gold occurrence in pyrite and Te-Bi mineralogy of the Fancha gold deposit, **aoqinling gold field, southern margin of the North China Craton: implication for ore genesis. Geol J. 55:5791–5811 https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.3637

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Livach AE, Churavtsov AP, Tretyakova NI (2007a) Russian federation state geological map of 1:200,000 Scale, 2 edn. Sugoy Series. Sheet P-56-XII (Ayaks). Explanatory Note. VSEGEI, Saint Petersburg (in Russian)

  • Livach AE, Churavtsov AP, Tretyakova NI (2007b) Russian federation state geological map of 1:200,000 Scale, 2 edn. Sugoy Series. Sheet P-56-XVIII (Omsukchan). Explanatory Note. VSEGEI, Saint Petersburg (in Russian)

  • Livach AE, Tretyakova NI (2022) Balygychan-Sugoy continental rift: structure, basic development features, and metallogeny. Bull North-East Sci Cent FEB RAS 2:3–13.  https://doi.org/10.34078/1814-0998-2022-2-3-13(in Russian with English abstract)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Makshakov AS, Kravtsova RG (2018) Bryolithochemical studies in the search for and evaluation of gold–silver mineralization based on stream sediments (Northeastern Russia). Russ Geol Geophys. 59:1469–1481 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rgg.2018.10.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Makshakov AS, Kravtsova RG (2021) Stream sediments of the Pestrinsk silver-bearing system (Northeastern Russia). Minerals. 11:65 https://doi.org/10.3390/min11010065

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Makshakov AS, Kravtsova RG, Tatarinov VV (2019) Lithochemical stream sediments of the Dukat gold–silver ore-forming system (North–East of Russia). Minerals. 9:789 https://doi.org/10.3390/min9120789

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marques ED, Castro CC, de Assis BR, Lombello JC, de Souza MM, Araújo JCS, Santos EAM (2023) Geochemical map** by stream sediments of the NW portion of Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Brazil: application of the exploratory data analysis (EDA) and a proposal for generation of new gold targets in Pitangui gold district. J Geochem Explor. 250:107232 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2023.107232

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Melo G, Fletcher WK (1999) Dispersion of gold and associated elements in stream sediments under semi-arid conditions, northeast Brazil. J Geochem Explor. 67:235–243 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6742(99)00053-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morishita Y, Shimada N, Shimada K (2008) Invisible gold and arsenic in pyrite from the high-grade Hishikari gold deposit, Japan. Appl Surf Sci. 255:1451–1454 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2008.05.131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morishita Y, Shimada N, Shimada K (2018) Invisible gold in arsenian pyrite from the high-grade Hishikari gold deposit, Japan: significance of variation and distribution of Au/As ratios in pyrite. Ore Geol Rev. 95:79–93 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.02.029

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Naseem S, Sheikh SA, Qadeeruddin M, Shirin K (2002) Geochemical stream sediment survey in Winder Valley, Balochistan, Pakistan. J Geochem Explor. 76:1–12 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6742(02)00201-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nude PM, Arhin E (2009) Overbank sediments as appropriate geochemical sample media in regional stream sediment surveys for gold exploration in the savannah regions of northern Ghana. J Geochem Explor. 103:50–56 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2009.06.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ohta A, Imai N, Terashima S, Tachibana Y (2005) Influence of surface geology and mineral deposits on the spatial distributions of elements concentrations in the stream sediments of Hokkaido, Japan. J Geochem Explor. 86:86–103 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.04.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Palenik CS, Utsunomiya S, Reich M, Kesler SE, Wang L, Ewing RC (2004) “Invisible” gold revealed: direct imaging of gold nanoparticules in a Carlin-type deposit. Am Miner. 89:1359–1366 https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2004-1002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pals DW, Spry PG, Chryssoulis S (2003) Invisible gold and tellurium in arsenic-rich pyrite from the Emperor gold deposit, Fiji: implications for gold distribution and deposition. Econ Geol. 98:479–493 https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.98.3.479

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Plyashkevich AA (2002) Mineralogy and geochemistry of North-East Russian tin-silver polymetallic deposits. NEISRI FEB RAS, Magadan (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Polikarpochkin VV (1963) Geochemical methods for ore deposit prospecting on stream sediments. Sov Geol. 4:63–76 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Polikarpochkin VV (1976) Secondary Halos and stream sediments. Nauka, Novosibirsk (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Raykhbaum YaD (1976) Emission spectral analysis in geochemistry. Nauka, Novosibirsk (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodnov YuN, Zaytsev VI (1985) Correlation of tin and silver mineralization in the Balygychan-Sugoy district of the North-East of the USSR. Magmatism of ore regions of the Far East. Far East Scientific Center of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, pp 155–167 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogozhin AA (2016) Gold determination in rocks, ores and their processed products by extraction-atomic-absorption method with organic sulphides. NSAM No 231-S. VIMS, Moscow (in Russian)

  • Romanov VA (2008) Stream sediments: theory, methodology and practice. Ways of further development. Otechestvennaya Geol. 1:78–82 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Savva NE (2018) Mineralogy of silver in the North-East of Russia. Triumph, Moscow. https://doi.org/10.32986/978-5-89392-823-5-1-544 (in Russian)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Savva NE, Volkov AV, Lyubimtseva NG, Prokofiev VYu, Sidorov AA, Murashov KYu, Sidorova NV (2021) Golʼtsovoe Ag–Pb–Zn deposit (Northeastern Russia): geological setting, mineralogy, geochemistry, and ore formation conditions. Geol Ore Depos. 63:185–211 https://doi.org/10.1134/S1075701521030065

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shahrestani S, Mokhtari AR, Hosseini-Dinani H (2018) How does sampling density affect mineralization detection in stream sediment geochemical exploration? A case study from NW of Iran. Geochem Explor Environ Anal. 18:196–203 https://doi.org/10.1144/geochem2017-076

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shahrestani S, Mokhtari AR, Carranza EJM, Hosseini-Dinani H (2019) Comparison of efficiency of techniques for delineating uni-element anomalies from stream sediment geochemical landscapes. J Geochem Explor. 197:184–198 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2018.12.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shilo NA, Sakharova MS, Krivitskaya NN, Riakhovskaya SK, Bryzgalov IA (1992) Mineralogy and origin features of gold–silver ores of the north–east part of Pacific Ocean frame. Nauka, Moscow (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sidorov AA, Volkov AV, Belyi VF, Alekseev VYu, Kolova EE (2009) The gold–silver Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanic belt. Geol Ore Depos. 51:441–455 https://doi.org/10.1134/S1075701509060026

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sidorov AA, Chekhov AD, Volkov AV, Alekseev VYu (2011) Metallogeny of the inner and outer zones of the Okhotsk-Chukotsk volcanogenic belt. Dokl Earth Sci. 439:949–954 https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X11060122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simmonds V, Jahangiryar F, Moazzen M, Ravaghi A (2016) Investigation on the distribution of gold across the Ahar Area (NW Iran) using stream-sediment and BLEG methods. Resour Geol. 66:213–225 https://doi.org/10.1111/rge.12098

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simon G, Kesler SE, Chryssoulis S (1999) Geochemistry and textures of gold-bearing arsenian pyrite, Twin Creeks, Nevada: implication for deposition of gold in Carlin-type deposits. Econ Geol. 94:405–421 https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.94.3.405

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sokolov SV (2010) The prediction and estimation of resource potential ore fields, nodes and areas of stray flux on the stages of a regional study of subsurface. Razved Ohr Nedr. 5:48–53 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Solovov AP (1959) Theoretical and experimental principles of metallometric surveys. Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR, Alma-Ata (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Strahler AN (1952) Hypsometric (area-altitude) analysis of erosional topography. GSA Bull. 63:1117–1142 https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1952)63[1117:HAAOET]2.0.CO;2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strahler AN (1957) Quantitative analysis of watershed geomorphology. Eos Trans Am Geophys Union. 38:913–920 https://doi.org/10.1029/TR038i006p00913

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Struzhkov SF, Konstantinov MM (2005) The metallogeny of gold and silver in the Okhotsk-Chuckchee volcanogenic belt. Nauchny mir, Moscow (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tauson LV, Kravtsova RG, Zakharov MN (1990) Petrogeochemical factors affecting the distribution of ore fields in rare-metal ore-magmatic systems (in the Soviet Northeast). Trans (dokl) USSR Acad Sci Earth Sci Sect. 313:286–290

    Google Scholar 

  • Tauson VL, Kravtsova RG, Smagunov NV, Spiridonov AM, Grebenshchikova VI, Budyak AE (2014) Structurally and superficially bound gold in pyrite from deposits of different genetic types. Russ Geol Geophys. 55:273–289 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rgg.2014.01.011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor SR (1964) Trace element abundances and the chondritic Earth model. Geochim Cosmochim Acta. 28:1989–1998 https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(64)90142-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas HV, Large RR, Bull SW, Maslennikov V, Berry RF, Fraser R, Froud S, Moye R (2011) Pyrite and pyrrhotite textures and composition in sediments, laminated quartz veins, and reefs at Bendigo gold mine, Australia: insights for ore genesis. Econ Geol. 106:1–31 https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.106.1.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Torgov VG, Khlebnikova AA (1977) Atomic-absorption determination of gold in a flame and by means of a flameless graphite atomizer after preliminary extraction separation with petroleum sulfides. J Anal Chem USSR. 32:753–757

    Google Scholar 

  • Umitbaev RB (1986) Okhotsk-Chaun metallogenic province. Nauka, Moscow (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Vasileva IE, Shabanova EV (2012) Arc atomic-emission analysis in geochemical research. Zavod Lab Diagn Mater. 78:14–24 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Vinogradov AP (1962) Average contents of chemical elements in the principal types of igneous rocks of the Earth’s crust. Geochemistry. 7:641–664

    Google Scholar 

  • Volkov AV, Sidorov AA, Prokofiev VY, Savva NE, Kolova EE, Murashov KY (2018) Epithermal mineralization in the Okhotsk-Chukchi volcano-plutonic belt. J Volcanolog Seismol. 12:359–378 https://doi.org/10.1134/S0742046318060088

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang HC, Yuan ZX, Cheng QM, Zhang SY, Sadeghi B (2022) Geochemical anomaly definition using stream sediments landscape modeling. Ore Geol Rev. 142:104715 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2022.104715

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wells JD, Mullens TE (1973) Gold-bearing arsenian pyrite determined by microprobe analysis, Cortez and Carlin gold mines, Nevada. Econ Geol. 68:187–201 https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.68.2.187

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yilmaz H, Sonmez FN, Carranza EJM (2015) Discovery of Au–Ag mineralization by stream sediment and soil geochemical exploration in metamorphic terrain in western Turkey. J Geochem Explor. 158:55–73 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2015.07.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yilmaz H, Cohen DR, Sonmez FN (2017) Comparison between the effectiveness of regional BLEG and −80# stream sediment geochemistry in detection of precious and base metal mineral deposits in Western Turkey. J Geochem Explor. 181:69–80 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2017.07.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yilmaz H, Yousefi M, Parsa M, Sonmez FN, Maghsoodi A (2019) Singularity map** of bulk leach extractable gold and –80# stream sediment geochemical data in recognition of gold and base metal mineralization footprints in Biga Peninsula South, Turkey. J Afr Earth Sci. 153:156–172 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2019.02.015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yilmaz H, Ghezelbash R, Cohen DR, Sari R, Sonmez FN, Maghsoudi A (2020) Comparison between the geochemical response of BLEG and fine fraction stream sediments to mineralization in the Eastern Black Sea region, Turkey. J Geochem Explor. 217:106609 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2020.106609

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yilmaz H, Sadeghi B, Cohen D (2022) The efficiency of fractal techniques in geochemical anomaly delineation within BLEG and <180 μm stream sediments in Western Turkey. J Geochem Explor. 236:106957 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2022.106957

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yousefi M, Carranza EJM, Kamkar-Rouhani A (2013) Weighted drainage catchment basin map** of geochemical anomalies using stream sediment data for mineral potential modeling. J Geochem Explor. 128:88–96 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2013.01.013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Zhou YZ, Wang LF, Wang ZH, He JG, An YF, Li HZ, Zeng CY, Liang J, Lu WC, Gao L (2013) Mineralization-related geochemical anomalies derived from stream sediment geochemical data using multifractal analysis in Pangxidong area of Qinzhou-Hangzhou tectonic joint belt, Guangdong Province, China. J Cent South Univ. 20:184–192 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-013-1475-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang B, Li N, Shu SP, Wang W, Yu J, Chen X, Ye T, Chen YJ (2018) Textural and compositional evolution of Au-hosting Fe-S-As minerals at the Axi epithermal gold deposit, Western Tianshan, NW China. Ore Geol Rev. 100:31–50 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2017.08.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang ZC, Wang YW, He JY, Li DD, Qiu HC, Liu FX, Lai CK (2022) Geology, pyrite geochemistry and metallogenic mechanism of the Wulong Gold Deposit in Liaodong Peninsula. North China Craton Miner. 12:1551 https://doi.org/10.3390/min12121551

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zuo RG (2014) Identification of geochemical anomalies associated with mineralization in the Fanshan district, Fujian, China. J Geochem Explor. 139:170–176 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2013.08.013

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors are sincerely grateful to all the geological services of the Dukat Geological Survey (Magadan, Russia) for proper assistance in conducting field works and providing information materials as reports, maps and schemes.

Funding

This study was performed within the framework of the State Assignment Projects No. 0284–2021-0002. We used the scientific equipment of the “Isotope-Geochemical Research” Centre for Common Use of IGC SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russia.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. A.P. Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Favorskiy Str 1A, Irkutsk, Russia, 664033

    Artem S. Makshakov & Raisa G. Kravtsova

Authors
  1. Artem S. Makshakov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Raisa G. Kravtsova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Artem S. Makshakov.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Makshakov, A.S., Kravtsova, R.G. Features of sampling stream sediments of large river valleys under cryolithogenesis conditions in the Balygychan–Sugoy trough, North–East of Russia. Acta Geochim (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11631-023-00666-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11631-023-00666-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation