Abstract
Fungicides are pesticides that are frequently used in agriculture because of their action against fungal diseases. However, the widespread application of pesticides around the world raises environmental and public health concerns, since these compounds are toxic and can pose risks to ecosystems and human health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytotoxic, cytogenotoxic, and biochemical effects of azoxystrobin and carbendazim on Lactuca sativa L. and their physiological effects on Phaseolus vulgaris L. by analyzing the cell cycle and chromosomal and nuclear alterations in L. sativa; the biochemical effects of azoxystrobin and carbendazim on Phaseolus vulgaris L. and their physiological effects on Phaseolus vulgaris L. by analyzing the cell cycle and chromosomal and nuclear alterations in L. sativa; the biochemical effects by analyzing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in L. sativa; and the physiological effects by analyzing chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a fluorescence in P. vulgaris. It was observed that both fungicides were phytotoxic and cytotoxic, reducing root growth and the mitotic index, cytogenotoxic, increasing the occurrence of chromosomal alterations, as well as inducing oxidative stress and an increase in chlorophyll fluorescence emission and altered energy absorption in the plants used as a test system. In view of this, studies such as the one presented here indicate that the use of pesticides, even in small quantities, can lead to damage to the metabolism of plant organisms.
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The author Kalia Dável Grecco performed the cytogenetic analysis and study design; the authors Kristian Rodolfo Santos, Mylena Boeque Lascola, and Sara Nascimento dos Santos contributed to the writing and revision of the article; the author Francielen Barroso Aragão contributed to the cytogenetic analyses and experimental setup; the authors Iasmini Nicoli Galter, Enzo Zini Moreira Silva, Iara da Costa Souza and Marisa Narciso Fernandes contributed with the biochemical analyses; the authors Juliana Lima Trindade and Diolina Moura Silva contributed with the physiological analyses, and the author Silvia Tamie Matsumoto provided all the support and guidance in the study.
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Grecco, K.D., Santos, K.R., Aragão, F.B. et al. Toxicogenetic, biochemical, and physiological effects of azoxystrobin and carbendazim fungicides over Lactuca sativa L. and Phaseolus vulgaris L. Environ Sci Pollut Res (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-34013-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-34013-2