Efficient removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solution using biochars derived from food waste

Tian, Shuai; Gong, Xueliu; Yu, Qiuyu; Yao, Fei; Li, Wenjian; Guo, Zilin; Zhang, **n; Yuan, Yuan; Fan, Yuqing; Bian, Rongjun; Wang, Yan; Zhang, Xuhui; Li, Lianqing; Pan, Genxing

doi:10.1007/s11356-023-30777-1

Efficient removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solution using biochars derived from food waste

Research Article
Published: 15 November 2023

Volume 30, pages 122364–122380, (2023)
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Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Shuai Tian^1,2,
Xueliu Gong^1,2,
Qiuyu Yu^1,2,
Fei Yao^1,2,
Wenjian Li^1,3,
Zilin Guo^1,2,
**n Zhang^1,2,
Yuan Yuan^1,2,
Yuqing Fan^1,2,
Rongjun Bian ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-5571-8242^1,2,
Yan Wang^1,2,
Xuhui Zhang^1,2,
Lianqing Li^1,2 &
…
Genxing Pan^1,2

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Abstract

Massive amount of food waste has been generated annually, posing a threat to ecological sustainability and the social economy due to current disposal methods. Urgent action is needed worldwide to convert the traditional pathway for treating food waste into a sustainable bioeconomy, as this will significantly benefit food chain management. This study explores the use of pyrolysis to produce different types of food waste biochars and investigates their adsorption capabilities for removing Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ in aqueous solution. The results indicated that co-pyrolysis biochar from fresh food waste and rice husk (FWRB) exhibited superior adsorption performance for Cd²⁺ (61.84 mg·g⁻¹) and Pb²⁺ (245.52 mg·g⁻¹), respectively. Pseudo-second-order kinetics (0.74 ≤ R² ≤ 0.98) and Langmuir isotherms (0.87 ≤ R² ≤ 0.98) indicated that the immobilized Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ on biochars were mainly attributed to the chemisorption, including precipitation with minerals (e.g., carbonates, silicates, and phosphate), complexation with functional groups (–OH), cation exchange (–COO⁻), and coordination with π-electrons. Furthermore, FWRB demonstrated reduced EC and Na content in comparison to food waste digestate biochar (FWDB) and food waste digestate co-pyrolysis with sawdust biochar (FWSB), with levels of Cd and Pb falling below China’s current guideline thresholds. These findings suggested that co-pyrolysis of fresh food waste with rice husk could be applicable to the recycling of food waste into biochar products for heavy metal stabilization in contaminated water and soils.

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Data availability

All data used to support the findings of this study are included within the article.

Abbreviations

MSW:: Municipal solid waste
UNEP:: United Nations Environment Program
GHGs:: Greenhouse gases
EU:: European Union
HMs:: Heavy metals
FW:: Food waste
FWDB:: Food waste digestate biochar
FWSB:: Co-pyrolysis of food waste digestate and sawdust biochar
FWRB:: Co-pyrolysis of fresh food waste and rice husk biochar
HEWAO:: High-efficiency wet air oxidation
HWFB:: HEWAO-treated food waste residue biochar
EC:: Electrical conductivity
CEC:: Cation exchange capacity
TOC:: Total organic carbon content
DOC:: Dissolvable organic carbon
DON:: Dissolvable organic nitrogen
ICP-OES:: Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry
ICP-MS:: Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry
BET:: Brunauer-Emmett-Teller
SEM-EDS:: Scanning electron microscope-energy-dispersive spectroscopy
FT-IR:: Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
XRD:: X-ray diffractometry

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Funding

This work was founded by “the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities” under grant no. KYGD2023001, and supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Jiangsu province, China for “Carbon Dioxide Emission Peaking and Carbon Neutrality” under grant nos. BE2022423 and BE2022307 and Guangdong Provincial Housing and Urban–Rural Development 2023-K33-415203.

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Authors and Affiliations

Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nan**g Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nan**g, 210095, China
Shuai Tian, Xueliu Gong, Qiuyu Yu, Fei Yao, Wenjian Li, Zilin Guo, **n Zhang, Yuan Yuan, Yuqing Fan, Rongjun Bian, Yan Wang, Xuhui Zhang, Lianqing Li & Genxing Pan
Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nan**g Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nan**g, 210095, China
Shuai Tian, Xueliu Gong, Qiuyu Yu, Fei Yao, Zilin Guo, **n Zhang, Yuan Yuan, Yuqing Fan, Rongjun Bian, Yan Wang, Xuhui Zhang, Lianqing Li & Genxing Pan
**hua Biomass Technology Institute, **hua Municipality, Zhejiang, 321000, China
Wenjian Li

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Shuai Tian
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Xueliu Gong
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Qiuyu Yu
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Fei Yao
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Wenjian Li
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Zilin Guo
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**n Zhang
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Yuan Yuan
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Yuqing Fan
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Rongjun Bian
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Yan Wang
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Xuhui Zhang
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Lianqing Li
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Genxing Pan
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Contributions

Shuai Tian: conceptualization, investigation, software, writing—original draft, and formal analysis. Xueliu Gong: investigation and methodology. Qiuyu Yu: investigation and methodology. Fei Yao: investigation. Wenjian Li: investigation. Zilin Guo: investigation. **n Zhang: investigation. Yuan Yuan: investigation. Yuqing Fan: investigation. Rongjun Bian: conceptualization, resources, supervision, writing—review and editing, funding acquisition, and Validation. Yan Wang: investigation. Xuhui Zhang: investigation. Lianqing Li: supervision and methodology. Genxing Pan: supervision and methodology.

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Correspondence to Rongjun Bian.

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Tian, S., Gong, X., Yu, Q. et al. Efficient removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solution using biochars derived from food waste. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 122364–122380 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-30777-1

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Received: 25 July 2023
Accepted: 27 October 2023
Published: 15 November 2023
Issue Date: December 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-30777-1

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Efficient removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solution using biochars derived from food waste