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The protective effects of procyanidin supplementation on PM2.5-induced acute cardiac injury in rats

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Abstract

Objective

Numerous epidemiological and experimental studies have indicated that ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure can lead to myocardial injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis. The effects of procyanidin (PC) on PM2.5-induced cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are still unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore the protective effect of PC supplementation on PM2.5-induced oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats.

Method

Rats were treated by gavage with three different PC concentrations (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) for 21 days prior to exposure to 10 mg/kg PM2.5 suspension liquid by intratracheal instillation every other day for three times. We determined myocardial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in the myocardium were measured. The expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins, including p-Akt/Akt, Bcl-2, caspase-3 and Bax, were determined. In addition, histopathological examination was used to evaluate cardiac injury.

Results

PM2.5 exposure noticeably elevated the contents of MDA and ROS and decreased the activities of GSH-Px and SOD. PM2.5 exposure inhibited Bcl-2 expression and up-regulated caspase-3 and Bax expression in the myocardium of rats. The anti-apoptosis–related index p-Akt/Akt was reduced. Moreover, pretreatment with PC could attenuate these PM2.5-induced changes. However, remarkable differences in the protective effect of different PC doses did not exist.

Conclusions

The results indicated that PC supplementation could effectively attenuate the oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by PM2.5 in rat myocardial tissue.

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Data availability

All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article.

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Funding

This paper was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 81874264).

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Author notes

  1. Bowen Yin and **ao Zhang contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China

    Bowen Yin, **ao Zhang, **gyi Ren, Jufeng Liang, Hanning Zhang & Yuxia Ma

  2. Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China

    **ao Zhang

  3. Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China

    Fengge Chen

  4. Undergraduate of College of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China

    Hanning Zhang, Huanting Pei, Zhaohui Hu, Yan Wang, Wei Xue, **nyue Yu & Rui Zhang

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  1. Bowen Yin
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Contributions

Bowen Yin: conceptualisation, methodology, software, writing—original draft, formal analysis, writing—review and editing, project administration, resources. **ao Zhang: conceptualisation, methodology, formal analysis, investigation, data curation, writing—original draft. **gyi Ren: formal analysis, investigation, data curation. Fengge Chen: conceptualisation, methodology, resources. Hanning Zhang: methodology, software, investigation. Jufeng Liang: methodology, validation, investigation. Huanting Pei: software, investigation. Zhaohui Hu: investigation. Yan Wang: investigation. Wei Xue: investigation. **nyue Yu: investigation. Rui Zhang: investigation. Yuxia Ma: conceptualisation, methodology, investigation, writing—review and editing, funding acquisition.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yuxia Ma.

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Yin, B., Zhang, X., Ren, J. et al. The protective effects of procyanidin supplementation on PM2.5-induced acute cardiac injury in rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 10890–10900 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22938-5

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