Abstract
The large pineapple’s consumption and processing have generated a massive amount of waste yearly, which requires adequate treatment measures to avoid damages to the environment. Pineapple peel is one of the main residues obtained from this fruit and a promising strategy to take advantage of its potential is using it for biosurfactant production due to the peel’s rich composition in fermentable sugars and nutrients, such as potassium and magnesium that favor the Bacillus subtilis growth and biosurfactant excretion as well. The current research performed a central composite design (CCD) with four independent variables (glucose, pineapple peel, potassium, and magnesium), evaluating substrates’ influence on the surface tension reduction rate (STRR) and the emulsification index (EI24). The results indicated that pineapple peel has the necessary potential to act as a partial substitute for glucose and salt nutrients, minimizing the costs of supplementing with exogenous minerals. The highest surface tension reduction rate (57.744%) was obtained at 2.18% glucose (w/v); 14.67% pineapple peel (v/v); 2.38 g/L KH2PO4; and 0.15 g/L MgSO4.7H2O; whereas to obtain the maximum predicted value for EI24 (61.92%) the medium was composed by 2.24% glucose (w/v); 12.63% pineapple peel (v/v); 2.53 g/L KH2PO4; and 0.29 g/L MgSO4.7H2O.
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The authors acknowledge financial assistance from the Brazilian research funding agencies as CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel) under Finance Code 001, a Brazilian foundation within the Ministry of Education (MEC), CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development), a Brazilian foundation associated to the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovations (MCTI), FAPITEC/SE (the Foundation of Support to Research and Technological Innovation of the State of Sergipe), and Federal University of Sergipe (PIBITI/UFS).
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IMMV worked on conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis and investigation, besides writing the original draft. BLPS also worked on conceptualization, formal analysis and investigation and was responsible for review and editing. LSS conceptualized the study and performed a formal analysis and investigation. LCR worked on conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis and investigation. RRS, DSR, and DPS provided the necessaries resources and contributed with conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis and investigation, besides supervision, review and editing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Vieira, I.M.M., Santos, B.L.P., Silva, L.S. et al. Potential of pineapple peel in the alternative composition of culture media for biosurfactant production. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 68957–68971 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15393-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15393-1