Abstract
Magnesium hydroxide has been successfully used for alkaline reactive dye wastewater treatment. However, for wider range pH values, magnesium hydroxide slurry has a potential advantage due to its buffer action. Reactive orange in aqueous solution was removed by magnesium hydroxide slurry and non-ionic polyacrylamide (PAM) as coagulant aid. Magnesium hydroxide slurry was prepared, and the morphology and particle size were analyzed. The size of flocs and flocculation time have important influence during coagulation-adsorption experiment. Flocculant index (FI), floc size distribution, zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to study the coagulation performance and floc properties. The effects of Mg(OH)2 dosage, PAM dosage, and different pH values on removal efficiency and settling time were investigated. The results show that charge neutralization, precipitation wrap**, and adsorption bridging are the main coagulation mechanisms. The optimal coagulation conditions were as follows: 200 mg/L magnesium hydroxide slurry was added after 3 s of rapid stirring at a speed of 250 rpm; 4 mg/L PAM was added before 15 s of beginning of slow stirring at 60 rpm; the removal efficiency of reactive orange could reach 91.5%. In the range of pH 5–12, magnesium hydroxide slurry shows very good performance for reactive orange removal and floc sedimentation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Al-Degs, Y., Khraisheh, M. A. M., Allen, S. J., & Ahmad, M. N. (2000). Effect of carbon surface chemistry on the removal of reactive dyes from textile effluent. Water Research, 34, 927–935. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00200-6
Alharbi, S. K., Shafiquzzaman, M., Haider, H., AlSaleem, S. S., & Ghumman, A. R. (2019). Treatment of Ablution Greywater for Recycling by Alum Coagulation and Activated Carbon Adsorption. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 44, 8389–8399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-019-03834-6
Awasthi, A., & Datta, D. (2021). Removal of reactive orange 16 and reactive green 19 using Cyphos IL101-impregnated Amberlite XAD7HP resin in batch and recirculating stirrer vessel. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 17826–17843. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11917-3
Bae, T.-H., Liu, J., Thompson, J. A., Koros, W. J., Jones, C. W., & Nair, S. (2010). Solvothermal deposition and characterization of magnesium hydroxide nanostructures on zeolite crystals. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 139, 120–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2010.10.028
Bae, W., Lee, S. H., & Ko, G. B. (2004). Evaluation of predominant reaction mechanisms for the Fenton process in textile dyeing wastewater treatment. Water Science and Technology, 49, 91–96. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0229
Beall, G. W., Duraia, E.-S. M., El-Tantawy, F., Al-Hazmi, F., & Al-Ghamdi, A. A. (2013). Rapid fabrication of nanostructured magnesium hydroxide and hydromagnesite via microwave-assisted technique. Powder Technology, 234, 26–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2012.09.029
Bouyakoub, A. Z., Kacha, S., Lartiges, B., Bellebia, S., & Derriche, Z. (2009). Treatment of reactive dye solutions by physicochemical combined process. Desalination and Water Treatment, 12, 202–209. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2009.934
Bu, F., Gao, B. Y., Yue, Q. Y., Liu, C. Y., Wang, W. Y., & Shen, X. (2019). The Combination of Coagulation and Adsorption for Controlling Ultra-Filtration Membrane Fouling in Water Treatment. Water, 11, 90. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11010090
Cao, X., Zhao, H., Liu, X., Luo, H.-H., & Liu, R. (2020). Preparation of petal-like magnesium hydroxide particles by adding sulfate ions. Journal of Crystal Growth, 550, 125841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2020.125841
Chen, D. H., Zhu, L. Y., Zhang, H. P., Xu, K., & Chen, M. C. (2008). Magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles with controlled morphologies via wet coprecipitation. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 109, 224–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2007.11.014
Cheng, L., Li, T., Keener, T. C., & Lee, J. Y. (2013). A mass transfer model of absorption of carbon dioxide in a bubble column reactor by using magnesium hydroxide slurry. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 17, 240–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2013.05.018
Chung, K. T. (2016). Azo dyes and human health: A review. Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C-Environmental Carcinogenesis & Ecotoxicology Reviews, 34, 233–261. https://doi.org/10.1080/10590501.2016.1236602
Eslami, H., & Mahmoudabadi, T. Z. (2022). Modified coagulation processes using polyferric chloride and polytitanium tetrachloride for the removal of anionic dye from aqueous solution. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 19, 1811–1818. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03293-3
Fosso-Kankeu, E., Webster, A., Ntwampe, I. O., & Waanders, F. B. (2017). Coagulation/Flocculation Potential of Polyaluminium Chloride and Bentonite Clay Tested in the Removal of Methyl Red and Crystal Violet. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 42, 1389–1397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-016-2244-x
von Hoessle, F., Mohamed, M., Farid, R., Hammouda, R. M., Kühn, F. E., & Bassioni, G. (2021). Interfacial phenomena of magnesium hydroxide micro phases. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 12, 3133–3140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2021.01.020
Ghany, H. A. A., & Ibrahim, E. M. (2014). Unexpected radiation hazard in dyes of textiles. Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, 50, 546–554. https://doi.org/10.1080/10256016.2014.964232
Goncharuk, V. V., Klishchenko, R. E., & Kornienko, I. V. (2018). Destruction of GT Azo Active Orange Dye in the Flow-Through Plasma-Chemical Reactor. Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology, 40, 185–189. https://doi.org/10.3103/S1063455X1804001X
Gong, H., **, Z. Y., Xu, H., Wang, Q. B., Zuo, J. E., Wu, J., & Wang, K. J. (2018). Redesigning C and N mass flows for energy-neutral wastewater treatment by coagulation adsorption enhanced membrane (CAEM)-based pre-concentration process. Chemical Engineering Journal, 342, 304–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.02.086
Gong, W., Wu, D., Cheng, Z., Pang, H., Lin, Y., & Ning, G. (2013). Direct synthesis of porous Mg(OH)2 nanoplates from natural brucite. Materials Research Bulletin, 48, 1333–1337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2012.12.033
Gu, S. G., Lian, F., Yan, K. J., & Zhang, W. (2019). Application of polymeric ferric sulfate combined with cross-frequency magnetic field in the printing and dyeing wastewater treatment. Water Science and Technology, 80, 1562–1570. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.401
Guo, N., Liu, H. Y., Fu, Y., & Hu, J. S. (2020). Preparation of Fe2O3 nanoparticles doped with In2O3 and photocatalytic degradation property for rhodamine B. Optik, 201, 163537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.163537
Hou, Q. D., Li, J. L., Luo, X. D., **e, Z. P., & An, D. (2022). Development and Characterization on the Isothermal Kinetics of Mg(OH)2-sol Synthesized by Chemical Method. Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies, 10, 130–137. https://doi.org/10.1080/21870764.2021.2019376
Javaid, R., & Qazi, U. Y. (2019). Catalytic Oxidation Process for the Degradation of Synthetic Dyes: An Overview. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16, 2066. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16112066
Li, B., Zhao, J., Ge, W., Li, W., & Yuan, H. (2022). Coagulation-flocculation performance and floc properties for microplastics removal by magnesium hydroxide and PAM. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 10, 107263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2022.107263
Li, H., Liu, S., Zhao, J., & Feng, N. (2016). Removal of reactive dyes from wastewater assisted with kaolin clay by magnesium hydroxide coagulation process. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 494, 30048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.01.048
Li, M., Sun, X. B., Qian, F. Y., Xu, H. Y., & Liu, Y. D. (2013). Characteristic of Dissolved Organic Matters Removal from Bio-Treated Effluents of Textile and Dyeing Wastewater by Coagulation Enhanced with KMnO4. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 25, 10095–10101. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2013.15169
Liu, L. M., Chen, Z., Zhang, J. W., Shan, D., Wu, Y., Bai, L. M., & Wang, B. Q. (2021). Treatment of industrial dye wastewater and pharmaceutical residue wastewater by advanced oxidation processes and its combination with nanocatalysts: A review. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 42, 102122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2021.102122
Liu, M., Lu, J., Wei, L., Wang, K., & Zhao, J. (2015). Magnesium hydroxide coagulation performance and floc properties in treating high pH reactive orange wastewater. Water Science & Technology, 71, 1310–1316. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.083
Liu, S., Li, B., Qi, P., Yu, W., Zhao, J., & Liu, Y. (2019). Performance of Freshly Generated Magnesium Hydroxide (FGMH) for Reactive Dye Removal. Colloid and Interface Science Communications, 28, 34–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colcom.2018.11.004
Liu, X., Liao, C., Lin, L., Gao, H., Zhou, J., Feng, Z., & Lin, Z. (2020). Research Progress in the Environmental Application of Magnesium Hydroxide Nanomaterials. Surfaces and Interfaces, 21, 100701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2020.100701
Ma, X., Ma, H., Jiang, X., & Jiang, Z. (2014). Preparation of magnesium hydroxide nanoflowers from boron mud via anti-drop precipitation method. Materials Research Bulletin, 56, 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2014.04.021
Mahtab, A., Tariq, M., Shafiq, T., & Nasir, A. (2009). Coagulation/adsorption combined treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater. Desalination and Water Treatment, 12, 270–275. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2009.952
Malek, N. N. A., Jawad, A. H., Ismail, K., Razuan, R., & ALOthman, Z A. (2021). Fly ash modified magnetic chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol blend for reactive orange 16 dye removal: Adsorption parametric optimization. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 189, 464–476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.160
Man, L. W., Kumar, P., Teng, T. T., & Wasewar, K. L. (2012). Design of experiments for Malachite Green dye removal from wastewater using thermolysis - coagulation-flocculation. Desalination and Water Treatment, 40, 260–271. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2012.671257
Minami, H., Kinoshita, K., Tsuji, T., & Yanagimoto, H. (2012). Preparation of Highly Crystalline, Magnesium Oxide and Polystyrene/Magnesium Hydroxide Composite Particles by Sol-Gel Processes in an Ionic Liquid. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 116, 14568–14574. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp304485a
Munkhtsooj, J., Jieun, L., Am, J., & Sanghyun, J. (2021). Efficient Removal of Azo Dye from Wastewater Using the Non-Toxic Potassium Ferrate Oxidation–Coagulation Process. Applied Sciences, 11, 6825. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11156825
Park, H. O., Oh, S., Bade, R., & Shin, W. S. (2011). Application of Fungal Moving-Bed Biofilm Reactors (MBBRs) and Chemical Coagulation for Dyeing Wastewater Treatment. Ksce Journal of Civil Engineering, 15, 453–461. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-011-0997-z
Priyanka, S., & Apurba, D. (2021). Phycoremediation – An emerging technique for dye abatement: An overview. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 147, 214–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2020.09.031
Ruscasso, F., Cavello, I., Butler, M., Loveira, E. L., Curutchet, G., & Cavalitto, S. (2021). Biodegradation and detoxification of reactive orange 16 by Candida sake 41E. Bioresource Technology Reports, 15, 100726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2021.100726
Saad, M. S., Balasubramaniam, L., Wirzal, M. D. H., Abd Halim, N. S., Bilad, M. R., Nordin, N., Putra, Z. A., & Ramli, F. N. (2020). Integrated Membrane-Electrocoagulation System for Removal of Celestine Blue Dyes in Wastewater. Membranes, 10, 184. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes10080184
Shen, C. S., Pan, Y. T., Wu, D. L., Liu, Y. B., Ma, C. Y., Li, F., Ma, H. J., & Zhang, Y. P. (2019). A crosslinking-induced precipitation process for the simultaneous removal of poly(vinyl alcohol) and reactive dye: The importance of covalent bond forming and magnesium coagulation. Chemical Engineering Journal, 374, 904–913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.05.203
Shi, X., Tian, A., You, J., Yang, H., Wang, Y., & Xue, X. (2018). Degradation of organic dyes by a new heterogeneous Fenton reagent - Fe2GeS4 nanoparticle. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 353, 182–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.04.018
Termazi, N., Abbas, F., Bukhari, I. H., Bhatti, T. M., Riaz, M., Rafiq, M. A., Khan, Q. M., Noreen, M., & Gull, Y. (2013). Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium Dioxide Nano Particles and their Application in Environmental Remediation of Textile Dyes. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 25, 9766–9774. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2013.15345
Wang, X. L., Jiang, S. J., Tan, S. Y., Wang, X., & Wang, H. W. (2018). Preparation and coagulation performance of hybrid coagulant polyacrylamide-polymeric aluminum ferric chloride. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 135, 46355. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.46355
Wong, P. W., Teng, T. T., & Norulaini, N. (2007). Efficiency of the Coagulation-Flocculation Method for the Treatment of Dye Mixtures Containing Disperse and Reactive Dye. Water Quality Research Journal of Canada, 42, 54–62. https://doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2007.008
Wu, H. H., Luo, B. J., Gao, C. J., Wang, L. C., Wang, Y. Q., & Zhang, Q. (2020). Synthesis and size control of monodisperse magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles by microemulsion method. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 41, 585–591. https://doi.org/10.1080/01932691.2019.1594887
Yang, B., Xu, H., Yang, S. N., Bi, S. T., Li, F., Shen, C. S., Ma, C. Y., Tian, Q., Liu, J. S., Song, X. S., Sand, W., & Liu, Y. B. (2018). Treatment of industrial dyeing wastewater with a pilot-scale strengthened circulation anaerobic reactor. Bioresource Technology, 264, 154–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.05.063
Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Liu, Z., Tian, S., Lu, J., Mu, R., & Yuan, H. (2021). Coagulation removal of microplastics from wastewater by magnetic magnesium hydroxide and PAM. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 43, 102250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2021.102250
Zhao, J., Li, B., Wang, A., Ge, W., & Li, W. (2022). Floc formation and growth mechanism during magnesium hydroxide and polyacrylamide coagulation process for reactive orange removal. Environmental Technology, 43, 424–430. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2020.1791970
Zhao, J., Shi, H., Liu, M., Lu, J., & Li, W. (2017). Coagulation-adsorption of reactive orange from aqueous solution by freshly formed magnesium hydroxide: mixing time and mechanistic study. Water Science and Technology, 75, 1776–1783. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.037
Zhou, H. J., Zhou, L., & Ma, K. K. (2020). Microfiber from textile dyeing and printing wastewater of a typical industrial park in China: Occurrence, removal and release. Science of the Total Environment, 739, 140329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140329
Zonoozi, M. H., Moghaddam, M. R. A., & Arami, M. (2009). Coagulation/flocculation of dye-containing solutions using polyaluminium chloride and alum. Water Science and Technology, 59, 1343–1351. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.128
Zou, G., Chen, W., Liu, R., & Xu, Z. (2007). Morphology-tunable synthesis and characterizations of Mg(OH)2 films via a cathodic electrochemical process. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 107, 85–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2007.06.046
Zou, Y. D., Wang, X. X., Ai, Y. J., Liu, Y. H., Li, J. X., Ji, Y. F., & Wang, X. K. (2016). Coagulation Behavior of Graphene Oxide on Nanocrystallined Mg/Al Layered Double Hydroxides: Batch Experimental and Theoretical Calculation Study. Environmental Science and Technology, 50, 3658–3667. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b00255
Funding
This work is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2019YFE0122400).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
The authors declare that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Deng, X., Zhao, J., Qiu, X. et al. Magnesium Hydroxide Slurry Coagulation-Adsorption Performance for Reactive Orange Removal Assisted with PAM. Water Air Soil Pollut 234, 176 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06120-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06120-2