The characteristics of the mode I and mode II cyclic crack resistance of model wheel steel are compared. The effect of heat treatment of test steel on its microstructure parameters, as well as strength and cyclic crack resistance characteristics, is studied.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11223-017-9865-5/MediaObjects/11223_2017_9865_Fig1_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11223-017-9865-5/MediaObjects/11223_2017_9865_Fig2_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11223-017-9865-5/MediaObjects/11223_2017_9865_Fig3_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11223-017-9865-5/MediaObjects/11223_2017_9865_Fig4_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11223-017-9865-5/MediaObjects/11223_2017_9865_Fig5_HTML.gif)
Similar content being viewed by others
References
D. H. Stone and G. J. Moyar, “Wheel shelling and spalling – an interpretive review,” in: Rail Transportation, ASME, New York (1989), pp. 19–31.
J. J. Marais, “Wheel failures on heavy haul freight wheels due to subsurface effects,” in: Proc. of the 12th Int. Wheelset Congress, Qingdao, China (1998), pp. 306–314.
P. J. Mutton, C. J. Epp, and J. Dudek, “Rolling contact fatigue in railway wheels under high axle loads,” Wear, 144, Nos. 1–2, 139–152 (1991).
H. A. Richard, M. Fulland, M. Sander, and G. Kullmer, “Fracture in a rubber-sprung railway wheel,” Eng. Fail. Anal., 12, No. 6, 986–999 (2005).
H. A. Richard, M. Sander, M. Fulland, and G. Kullmer, “Development of fatigue crack growth in real structures,” Eng. Fract. Mech., 75, Nos. 3–4, 331–340 (2005).
T. Snyder, Personal Meeting, November, 2003.
K. Handa, Y. Kimura, and Y. Mishima, “Surface cracks initiation on carbon steel railway wheels under concurrent load of continuous rolling contact and cyclic frictional heat,” Wear, 268, Nos. 1–2, 50–58 (2010).
A. Ekberg and J. Marais, “Effects of imperfections on fatigue initiation in railway wheels,” J. Rail Rapid Transit, 214, No. 1, 45–54 (1999).
A. Ekberg and P. Sotkovszki, “Anisotropy and fatigue of railway wheels,” Int. J. Fatigue, 23, No. 1, 29–43 (2001).
E. Kabo and A. Ekberg, “Fatigue initiation in railway wheels – a numerical study on the influence of defects,” Wear, 253, Nos. 1–2, 26–34 (2002).
S. Beretta, G. Donzella, R. Roberti, and A. Ghidini, “Deep shelling in railway wheels,” in: Proc. of the 13th Int. Wheelset Congress, Rome, Italy (2001), pp. 17–21.
A. Ekberg, E. Kabo, and H. Andersson, “An engineering model for prediction of rolling contact fatigue of railway wheels,” Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct., 25, No. 10, 899–909 (2002).
J. W. Ringsberg, M. Loo-Morrey, B. L. Josefson, et al., “Prediction of fatigue crack initiation for rolling contact fatigue,” Int. J. Fatigue, 22, No. 3, 205–215 (2000).
L. M. Keer, M. D. Bryant, and G. H. Haritos, “Subsurface and surface cracking due to hertzian contact,” J. Lubr. Technol., 104, No. 3, 347–351 (1982).
H. M. Tournay and J. M. Mulder, “The transition from the wear to the stress regime,” Wear, 191, Nos. 1–2, 107–112 (1996).
O. P. Ostash, V. H. Anofriev, I. M. Andreiko, et al., “On the concept of selection of steels for high-strength railroad wheels,” Mater. Sci., 48, No. 6, 697–703 (2013).
A. Bernasconi, M. Filippini, S. Foletti, and D. Vaudo, “Multiaxial fatigue of a railway wheel steel under non-proportional loading,” Int. J. Fatigue, 28, Nos. 5–6, 663–672 (2006).
A. Meizoso, J. M. Esnaola, and M. Pérez, “Approximate crack growth estimate of railway wheel influenced by normal and shear action,” Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech., 15, No. 2, 179–190 (1991).
Y. Murakami, C. Sakae, and S. Hamada, “Mechanism of rolling contact fatigue and measurement of ∆K IIth for steels,” in: J. H. Beynon, M. W. Brown, T. C. Lindley, et al. (Eds.), Engineering Against Fatigue, A. A. Balkema Publ., Rotterdam (1999), pp. 473–485.
ASTM E 647-93. Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 03.01, Philadelphia, PA (1994), pp. 569–596.
M. Clarke, Wheel Rolling Contact Fatigue (RCF) and Rim Defects Investigation to Further Knowledge of the Causes of RCF and to Determine Control Measures, in: RSSB Wheel Steel Guide, Project T672 (2008).
Ya. L. Ivanyts’kyi, T. M. Lenkovs’kyi, V. M. Boiko, and S. T. Shtayura, “Methods for the construction of the kinetic diagrams of fatigue fracture for steels under the conditions of transverse shear with regard for the friction of crack lips,” Mater. Sci., 49, No. 6, 749–754 (2014).
V. V. Panasyuk (Ed.), Fracture Mechanics and Strength of Materials [in Russian], Handbook in 4 volumes, Vol. 4: O. N. Romaniv, S. Ya. Yarema, G. N. Nikiforchin, et al., Fatigue and Cycle Crack Resistance of Structural Materials, Naukova Dumka, Kiev (1990).
O. N. Romaniv, Fracture Toughness of Structural Steels [in Russian], Metallurgiya, Moscow (1979).
O. P. Ostash, A. I. Babachenko, I. M. Andreiko, et al., “Structural fracture mechanics and service reliability of railway wheels,” in: Fundamental and Applied Problems of Ferrous Metallurgy [in Russian], Collected Papers, Issue 20, Dnepropetrovsk (2009), pp. 246–253.
O. N. Romaniv, Ya. N. Gladkii, and Yu. V. Zima, “Effect of structural factors on the kinetics of fatigue cracks in constructional steels,” Mater. Sci., 14, No. 2, 113–123 (1978).
R. O. Ritchie, “Near-threshold fatigue crack propagation in ultra-high strength steel: influence of load ratio and cyclic strength,” J. Eng. Mater. – T. ASME, No. 3, 195–204 (1977).
R. O. Ritchie, “Near-threshold fatigue-crack propagation in steels,” Int. Met. Rev., 24, Nos. 5–6, 205–230 (1979).
R. J. Cooke, P. E. Irwing, G. S. Booth, and C. J. Beevers, “The slow fatigue crack growth and threshold behaviour of a medium carbon alloy steel in air and vacuum,” Eng. Fract. Mech., 7, No. 1, 69–77 (1975).
J. Mautz and V. Weiss, “Mean stress environmental effects on near threshold fatigue crack growth,” in: Cracks and Fracture, ASTM STP 601, Philadelphia (1976), pp. 154–168.
O. N. Romaniv and A. N. Tkach, “A structural analysis of the kinetic fatigue failure curves of constructional steels,” Mater. Sci., 23, No. 5, 441–453 (1987).
R. J. Cooke and C. I. Beevers, “The effect of load ratio on the threshold level for fatigue crack growth in medium carbon steels,” Eng. Fract. Mech., 5, No. 4, 1061–1071 (1973).
C. J. Beevers, R. J. Cooke, J. F. Knott, and R. O. Ritchie, “Some considerations the influence of subcritical cleavage growth during fatigue crack propagation in steels,” Met. Sci., 9, No. 3, 119–126 (1975).
S. Ya. Yarema, V. V. Popovich, and Yu. V. Zima, “Influence of structure on the resistance of 65G steel to fatigue crack growth,” Mater. Sci., 18, No. 1, 13–26 (1982).
Y. Murakami, K. Takahashi, and R. Kusumoto, “Threshold and growth mechanism of fatigue cracks under mode II and III loadings,” Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct., 26, No. 6, 523–531 (2003).
Y. Murakami, Y. Fukushima, K. Toyama, and S. Matsuoka, “Fatigue crack path and threshold in Mode II and Mode III loadings,” Eng. Fract. Mech., 75, Nos. 3–4, 306–318 (2008).
Y. Murakami, T. Fukuhara, and S. Hamada, “Measurement of Mode II threshold stress intensity range ∆K IIth ,” J. Soc. Mater. Sci., 51, No. 8, 918–925 (2002).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 2, pp. 56 – 63, March – April, 2017.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kulyk, V.V., Lenkovs’kyi, T.M. & Ostash, O.P. Mode I and Mode II Cyclic Crack Resistance of Wheel Steel. Strength Mater 49, 256–262 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11223-017-9865-5
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11223-017-9865-5