Abstract
The hot corrosion behavior of the austenitic heat-resistant steel weld metal produced by multi-pass gas tungsten arc welding was investigated. A bilayer oxide scale formed on the surface of the weld metal by the selective oxidation of the element Cr and Fe, and the dissolution of the oxide film occurred at elevated temperatures due to the existence of the molten salt. Morphologies and structures of the oxide scale were characterized by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques, and then the underlying reason for the hot corrosion of the nonequilibrium weld metal was identified. The interdendritic region could act as the shortcut path for the oxygen, which promotes the internal oxide distribution in chains, and a large internal oxidation zone appears under the bilayer oxide scale.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11085-022-10144-0/MediaObjects/11085_2022_10144_Fig1_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11085-022-10144-0/MediaObjects/11085_2022_10144_Fig2_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11085-022-10144-0/MediaObjects/11085_2022_10144_Fig3_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11085-022-10144-0/MediaObjects/11085_2022_10144_Fig4_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11085-022-10144-0/MediaObjects/11085_2022_10144_Fig5_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11085-022-10144-0/MediaObjects/11085_2022_10144_Fig6_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11085-022-10144-0/MediaObjects/11085_2022_10144_Fig7_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11085-022-10144-0/MediaObjects/11085_2022_10144_Fig8_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11085-022-10144-0/MediaObjects/11085_2022_10144_Fig9_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11085-022-10144-0/MediaObjects/11085_2022_10144_Fig10_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11085-022-10144-0/MediaObjects/11085_2022_10144_Fig11_HTML.png)
Similar content being viewed by others
References
H. Ma, Y. Wang, Z. Liang, Q. Zhao, and Z. Ke, Fuel Cells 21, (1), 24–30 (2021).
J. Zhang, Z. Ur Rahman, X. B. Wang, et al., Journal of Environmental Management 263, 110411 (2020).
Y. Gui, Z. Liang, and Q. Zhao, Oxidation and Metals 92, 123–136 (2019).
X. Zhang, D. Z. Li, Y. Y. Li, and S. P. Lu, Materials Science and Engineering: A 743, 648–655 (2019).
X. Zhang, D. Z. Li, Y. Y. Li, and S. P. Lu, Journal of Materials Science & Technology 35, (4), 520–529 (2019).
Y. Zhang, H. **g, L. Xu, Y. Han, L. Zhao, and B. **ao, Materials Characterization 139, 279–292 (2018).
J. Li, H. Li, Y. Liang, P. Liu, and L. Yang, Materials 12, (18), (2944) (2019).
H. Y. Ha, C. G. Lee, M. H. Jang, et al., Corrosion Science 146, 213–220 (2019 ).
S. Zhang, H. Li, Z. Jiang, et al., Corrosion Science 163, 108295 (2020).
L. Ma, E. M. Pascalidou, F. Wiame, S. Zanna, V. Maurice, and P. Marcus, Corrosion Science 167, 108483 (2020).
G. Asala, J. Andersson, and O. A. Ojo, Corrosion Science 158, 108086 (2019).
Z. Yu, J. Lu, M. Chen, J. Wang, and F. Wang, Corrosion Science 192, 109789 (2021).
A. U. Syed, F. D. Martinez, T. Roberts, et al., Oxidation and Metals 96, 43–55 (2021).
S. Liu, J. Feng, X. Luo, X. Chen, Y. Tu, and J Jiang, Journal of Materials Science, 1–21 (2022).
Z. H. Tian, Y. T. Zhao, Y. Liu, Y. J. Jiang, and H. P. Ren. Materials Research Express, 6, (10), 1065e9 (2019).
Y. Hu, W. Kang, H. Zhang, et al., Corrosion Science 198, 110154 (2022)
Y. J. Ma, Y. Ding, J. J. Liu, et al. in Chinese Materials Conference, (Springer, 2018).
J. Wang, D. Li, and T. Shao, Corrosion Science 200, 110247 (2022).
D. Wu, D. Z. Li, and S. P. Lu, Materials Science and Engineering: A 684, 146–157 (2017).
X. Zhang, D. Z. Li, Y. Y. Li, and S. P. Lu, Corrosion Science 159, 108137 (2019).
D. Wu, D. Z. Li, and S. P. Lu, Materials Science and Engineering: A 716, 240–251 (2018).
S. Ueda, K. Kadoi, S. Tokita, and H. Inoue, ISIJ International 59, (7), 1323–1329 (2019).
X. H. Li, S. M. Wang, B. B. Xue, Materials Science Forum 909, 67–72 (2017).
S. H. Cho, J. S. Cha, S. H. Kim, et al., Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology 50, (8), 606–617 (2015).
P. Roshith and M. Arivarasu, Materials Research Express 6, (12), 1265d1 (2020).
Y. X. Xu, J. T. Lu, W. Y. Li, and X. W. Yang, Corrosion Science 140, 252–259 (2018).
X. Y. Wang, L. **n, F. H. Wang, et al., Journal of Materials Science & Technology 30, (9), 867–877 (2014).
T. Sanviemvongsak, D. Monceau, and B. Macquaire, Corrosion Science 141, 127–145 (2018).
S. Mahboubi, H. S. Zurob, G. A. Botton, and J. R. Kish, Corrosion Science 143, 376–389 (2018).
S. Pour-Ali, A. R. Kiani-Rashid, A. Babakhani, et al., Corrosion Science 147, 231–245 (2019).
W. Kai, C. Lee, T. Lee, et al., Oxidation of Metals 56, (1), 51–71 (2001).
K. Luer, J. Dupont, A. Marder, et al., Materials at High Temperatures 18, (1), (11–19) (2001).
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Dr. Zhao Zeduan for the expression debates. This work is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BK20201036), the Special Talent Introduction for “Double Innovation Plan” in 2020, the Opening Project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Application Technology (ASMA202007) and the Introduction of Talent Research Fund at Nan**g Institute of Technology (YKJ201954).
Funding
This study was funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BK20201036), the Special Talent Introduction for “Double Innovation Plan” in 2020, the Opening Project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Application Technology (ASMA202007) and the Introduction of Talent Research Fund at Nan**g Institute of Technology (YKJ201954).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by ZX, WJ and YZ. ZH and PC prepared Figs. 2, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 11. CY and LX provided theoretical guidance. The first draft of the manuscript was written by ZX and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that we have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Xu, Z., **chu, W., Zonghui, Y. et al. Hot Corrosion Behavior of Fe–Cr–Ni-Based Austenitic Heat-Resistant Steel Weld Metal in Na2SO4–NaCl Molten Salts at Different Temperatures. High Temperature Corrosion of mater. 99, 117–132 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11085-022-10144-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11085-022-10144-0