Abstract
A circularly polarized patch array antenna with a metasurface having a polarization conversion feature at 4.975 THz frequency is proposed. The structure consists of a fully metalized grounded patch array with a metasurface on top of the antenna and separated from the array antenna by a silicon dioxide layer. The modified antenna is placed between a symmetrical surface of 11 rows of 25 fishbone-shaped gold metasurface and a ground plane. The optimal antenna structure dimensions have been examined and provided for the designed array. The performance of an array antenna has been investigated from various aspects including gain, bandwidths of impedance, and axial ratio. Placing the metasurface on the microstrip antenna array causes the radiation waves of the antenna source to be converted from the linearly polarized form to circularly polarized waves, which improves the impedance and bandwidth of the axial ratio. In addition, a transmission line model is provided to show how to achieve a suitable axial ratio, which provides a high gain as well. The overall size of the final antenna is 400 × 400 × 3.3 μm3 and provides a gain of 16 dB in the operating bandwidth of 4.71–5.2 THz (i.e., 10%).
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.
References
Aqlan, B., Himdi, M., Vettikalladi, H., Le-Coq, L.: Experimental realization of sub-THz circularly polarized antenna based on metasurface superstrate at 300 GHz. Materials 14, 4796 (2021)
Asaadi, M., Sebak, A.: High-gain low-profile circularly polarized slotted SIW cavity antenna for MMW applications. IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 16, 752–755 (2017)
Balanis, C.A.: Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, 3rd edn. John Wiley (2005)
Bancroft, R.: Microstrip and Printed Antenna Design, 2nd edn. SciTech (2005)
Esfandiyari, M., Jarchi, S., Ghaffari-Miab, M.: Channel capacity enhancement by adjustable graphene-based MIMO antenna in THz band. Opt. Quantum Electron. 51, 137(2019)
Federici, J.F., Moeller, L.: Review of terahertz and sub-terahertz wireless communications. J. Appl. Phys. 107. 111101-1-111101-21 (2010)
Gupta, R., Varshney, G., Yaduvanshi, R.S.: Tunable terahertz circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna. Optik 239 (2021)
Jafari Chashmi, M., Rezaei, P., Kiani, N.: Y-shaped graphene-based antenna with switchable circular polarization. Optik 200, 163321 (2020a)
Jafari Chashmi, M., Rezaei, P., Kiani, N.: Polarization controlling of multi resonant graphene-based microstrip antenna. Plasmonics 15, 417–426 (2020b)
Jarchi, S.: Radiation pattern direction control of THz antenna with applying planar graphene metasurface. Optik 243, 167458 (2021)
Keshwala, U., Ray, K.: Circularly polarized truncated corner square slot antenna for Ku-band applications. Scientia Iranica (2023)
Kiani, N., Tavakkol Hamedani, F., Rezaei, P.: Designing of a circularly polarized reconfigurable graphene-based THz patch antenna with cross-shaped slot. Opt. Quantum Electron. 55, 356 (2023)
Lchhab, T., El Ghzaoui, M.: A circularly polarized wideband high gain antenna for THz wireless applications. Opt. Quantum Electron. 54, 787 (2022)
Lchhab, T., El Ghzaoui, M.A.: Circularly polarized wideband high gain antenna for THz wireless applications. Opt. Quantum Electron. 54, 787 (2022b)
Li, L., Li, Y., Wu, Z., Huo, F., Zhang, Y., Zhao, C.: Novel polarization-reconfigurable converter based on multilayer frequency-selective surfaces. Proc. IEEE 103(7), 1057–1070 (2015)
Li, F., Chen, H., Zhang, L., Zhou, Y., **e, J., Deng, L., Harris, V.G.: Compact high-efficiency broadband metamaterial polarizing reflector at microwave frequencies. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Technol. 67, 606–614 (2019)
Mabrouk, A.M., Seliem, A.G., Donkol, A.A.: High-gain reconfigurable polarization antenna based on metamaterial array for Terahertz applications. Opt. Quantum Electron. 55, 416 (2023)
Mokhayer, M., Jarchi, S., Faraji-Dana, R.: Reconfigurable graphene-based metasurface for THz transmission angle control. In: 6th International Conference on Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Technologies (MMWaTT), pp. 1–4. Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran, Iran (2022)
Narayanaswamy, N.K., Bhosle, M.R., Penmatsa, K.K.V., et al.: Circularly polarized tunable graphene-patch over SiO2 substrate for THz applications. Opt. Quantum Electron. 54, 550 (2022)
Ni, C., Chen, M.S., Zhang, Z.X., Wu, X.L.: Design of frequency and polarization-reconfigurable antenna based on the polarization conversion metasurface. IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 17(1), 78–81 (2018)
Niamat, H., Min-Joo, J., Anees, A., Tae-Jun, K., Nam, K.: A metasurface-based low-profile wideband circularly polarized patch antenna for 5G millimeter-wave systems. IEEE Access 8, 22127–22135 (2020)
Nisamol, T.A., Parambil, A., Kunnath Kodakkat, A.: Design of sub-THz slotted waveguide array antenna for the broadside circularly polarized applications beyond 5G. Prog. Electromagn. 102, 187–202 (2020)
Pourhosseini, M., Rezaei, P.: Circularly polarized Fabry Perot antenna using a novel design of superstrate structure. In: 2nd Asian Symp. Electromag. Photonics Eng. Iran, pp. 348–351 (2013)
Rabbani, M.S., Ghafouri-Shiraz, H.: Improvement of microstrip antenna’s gain, bandwidth and fabrication tolerance at terahertz frequency bands. In: Proc. Wideband Multi-Band Antennas Arrays Civil. Security Mil. Appl. Conf. London, pp. 1–3 (2015a)
Rabbani, M.S., Ghafouri‐Shiraz, H.: Size improvement of rectangular microstrip patch antenna at MMwave and terahertz frequencies. Microw. Opt. Technol. 11, 2585–2589 (2015b)
Rabbani, M.S., Ghafouri-Shiraz, H.: Liquid crystalline polymer substrate-based THz microstrip antenna arrays for medical applications. IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 16, 1533–1536 (2017)
Ranjan Jha, K., Singh, G.: Terahertz planar antennas for future wireless communication. A technical review. Infrared Phys. Technol. 60 (2013)
Rappaport, T.S., **ng, Y., Kanhere, O., Ju, S.A., Madanayake Mandal, S., Alkhateeb, A., Trichopoulos, G.C.: Wireless communications and applications above 100 GHz: opportunities and challenges for 6G and beyond. IEEE Access 7, 78729–78757 (2019)
Shalini, M., Ganesh, M.M.: A compact antenna structure for circularly polarized terahertz radiation. Optik 231 (2021)
Sharma, A., Vishwakarma, D.K.: Circularly polarized graphene antenna for THz applications. In: IEEE 18th India Council International Conference (INDICON) Guwahati, India, pp. 1–5 (2021)
Shi, C., Jiang, Y., Zhao, J.: Broadband terahertz linear-to-circular polarization converter based on metasurface. In: International Symposium on Antennas, Propagation, and EM Theory (ISAPE). Hangzhou, China, pp. 1–3 (2018)
Soltanmohammadi, H., Jarchi, S., Soltanmohammadi, A.: Tunable dielectric resonator antenna with circular polarization and wide bandwidth for terahertz applications. Optik 287, 171124 (2023)
Ullah, S., Ruan, C., Sadiq, M.S., Haq, T.U., He, W.: Microstrip system on-chip circular polarized (CP) slotted antenna for THz communication application. J. Electromagn. Waves Appl. 34(8), 1029–1038 (2020)
Ullah, S., Ruan, C., Haq, T.U.: Z-shaped dual band circular polarized microstrip antenna for THz communication. In: 44th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz). Paris, France (2019)
Upender, P., Kumar, A.: Quad-band circularly polarized tunable graphene-based dielectric resonator antenna for terahertz applications. SILICON 14, 5513–5526 (2022)
Varshney, G., Debnath, S., Sharma, A.K.: Tunable circularly polarized graphene antenna for THz applications. Optik 223, 165412 (2020)
Woolard, D.L., Brown, R., Pepper, M., Kemp, M.: Terahertz frequency sensing and imaging: a time of reckoning future applications. Proc. IEEE 93(10), 1722–1743 (2005)
Zhao, P., Liu, Y., Lu, H., Wu, Y., Lv, X.: Experimental realization of terahertz waveguide-fed circularly polarized double-fan-shaped slot antenna. IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 2066–2069 (2017)
Funding
No funding was received for this research.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
M.P: conceptualization, methodology, software, result analysis, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing. S.J: validation, writing—review and editing, supervision. P.R: validation, writing—review and editing, supervision. Z.GK: validation, writing—review, and editing.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
We declare that this article is original has not been published before, and is not currently considered for publication elsewhere. We confirm that the manuscript has been read and approved by all named authors and that there are no other persons who satisfied the criteria for authorship but are not listed. We further confirm that the order of authors listed in the manuscript has been approved by all of us.
Consent for publication
Written informed consent for publication was obtained from all participants.
Consent to participate
Written informed consent for participation was obtained from all participants.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
PourHosseini, M., Jarchi, S., Rezaei, P. et al. Terahertz microstrip array antenna with metasurface polarization conversion using silicon dioxide as dielectric layer. Opt Quant Electron 56, 796 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-024-06685-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-024-06685-0