Abstract
In this article, the plasma density, the laser intensity and the external magnetic field are playing vast roles firstly to generate a coherent THz wave then to enhance the stability of generated THz. Due to the relativistic increase of electron mass, the relativistic self-focusing of a right circular polarized (RCP) laser beam inside magnetized plasma will occur which leads to raising the laser power to enough limits for exciting the terahertz wave. By fulfilling the energy–momentum conservation conditions, a terahertz wave frequency at the difference between the laser pump wave frequency and plasma wave frequency is obtained. More stabilization and higher power (reaching to tens of gigawatts) of terahertz field amplitude have been observed whenever the plasma density, the laser intensity, and the external magnetic field are increased. Better results are recorded at high THz frequency (5 THz) compared with low THz frequency (1 THz).
Data availability
Data available on request from the authors. Munther Baqir Hassan, Ibtisam Jaafer Abd-Ali, Wissam H. Mahdi, Adel H. Omran Alkhayatt*.
References
Abdullah, M., Noori, F.T., Al-Khursan, A.H.: Terahertz emission in ladder plus Y-configurations in double quantum dot structure. Appl. Opt. 54(16), 5168–5192 (2015)
Amini, T., Jahangiri, F., Ameri, Z., Hemmatian, M.A.: A review of feasible applications of THz waves in medical diagnostics and treatments. J. Lasers Med. Sci., 12: e92 (2021). https://doi.org/10.34172/jlms.2021.92
Bakhtiari, F., Esmaeilzadeh, M., Ghafary, B.: Terahertz radiation with high power and high efficiency in a magnetized plasma. Phys Plasmas 24, 073112 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4991395
Cherkasova, O.P., Nazarov, M.M., Berlovskaya, E.E., Angeluts, A.A., Makurenkov, A.M., Shkurinov, A.P.: Studying human and animal skin optical properties by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci. Phys. 80, 479–483 (2016)
Ferguson, B., Zhang, X.C.: Materials for terahertz science and technology, Nat. Mater. 1, 26-33 (2002)
Ge, Y., Cao, J., Shen, Z., Zheng, Y., Chen, X., Wan, W.: Terahertz wave generation by plasmonic-enhanced difference-frequency generation. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 31, 1533–1538 (2014)
Gill, R., Punia, S., Malik, H.K.: Terahertz radiation for medical application. Europhys. Lett., 123, 6, 65003 (2018)
Ginzburg, V.L.: The Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in Plasmas. Pergamum, London (1964)
Gupta, N., Kumar, S.: Self-focusing of multi-Gaussian laser beams in nonlinear optical media as a Kepler’s central force problem. Opt Quant Electron. 52, 178 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-020-02294-9
Gupta, N., Kumar, S.: Generation of second harmonics of self-focused quadruple-Gaussian laser beams in collisional plasmas with density ramp. J. Opt. 49, 455–468 (2020)
Gupta, N., Kumar, S.: Nonlinear interaction of elliptical q-Gaussian laser beams with plasmas with axial density ramp: effect of ponderomotive force. Opt Quant Electron 53, 253 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-021-02905-z
Gupta, N., Kumar, S.: Generation of second harmonics of relativistically self-focused q-Gaussian laser beams in underdense plasma with axial density ramp. Opt Quant Electron 53, 193 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-021-02827-w
Hassan, M.B., Aljanabi, A.H., Sharma, R.P., Singh, M.: Terahertz generation by the high intense laser beam. J. Plasma Phys. 78,5, 553-558 (2012).
Hassan, M.B., Abbas, F.S., Muhmood, A.A., Alkhayatt, A.H.O.: Enhancement of terahertz field in the relativistic coupling of high power laser with magnetized plasma. High Energy Density Phys. 33, 100704 (2019).
Hassan, M.B., Sharif, M.D.: The effect of laser beam intensity on self-focusing and terahertz radiation at low frequency range (0.1 and 0.5) THZ, American Journal of Research, 5, 5, 113-126 (2017)
Hasson, K.I., Sharma, A.K., Khamis, R.A.: Relativistic laser self-focusing in a plasma with transverse magnetic field. Phy. Scr. 81, 2, 025505 (2010)
Hematizadeha, A., Bakhtiari, F., Jazayeri, S.M., Ghafary, B.: Strong terahertz radiation generation by beating of two spatial-triangular beams in collisional magnetized plasma. Phys. Plasmas 23, 5, 053507 (2016)
Hussain, S., Singh, M., Singh, R.K., Sharma, R.P.: THz generation by self-focusing of hollow Gaussian laser beam in magnetized plasma. EPL 107, 6, 65002 (2014)
Hussain, S., Singh, R.K., Sharma, R.P.: Strong terahertz field generation by relativistic self-focusing of hollow Gaussian laser beam in magnetoplasma. Laser Part. Beams 34, 86–93 (2016)
Liao, G.Q., Li, Y.T., Li, C., Liu, H., Zhang, Y.H., Jiang, W.M., Yuan, X.H., Nilsen, J., Ozaki, T., Wang, W.M., Sheng, Z.M., Neely, D., McKenna, P., Zhang, J.: Intense terahertz radiation from relativistic laser–plasma interactions. Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 59, 1, 014039 (2017)
Malik, A.K., Singh, K.P.: High-intensity terahertz generation by nonlinear frequency-mixing of lasers in plasma with DC magnetic field. Laser Part. Beams 33, 519–524 (2015)
Purohit, G., Rawat, V., Rawat, P.: Generation of terahertz radiation from beating of two intense cosh-Gaussian laser beams in magnetized plasma. Laser Part. Beams 37(4), 415–427 (2019)
Rawat, P., Rawat, V., Gaur, B., Purohit, G.: Generation of terahertz radiation by intense hollow Gaussian laser beam in magnetized plasma under relativistic-ponderomotive regime. Phys. Plasmas 24, 7, 073113 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4993055
Sharma, A.K.: Transverse self-focusing and filamentation of a laser beam in a magnetoplasma. Appl. Phys. 49, 4, 2396-2400 (1978)
Sharma, R.P., Monika, A., Sharma, P., Chauhan, P., Ji, A.: Interaction of high power laser beam with magnetized plasma and THz generation. Laser Part. Beams 28, 531–537 (2010)
Y. C. Shen, T.W. P. F. Today, B. E. Cole, W. R. Tribe and M. C., Kemp, Detection and identification of explosives using terahertz pulsed spectroscopic imaging, Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 24, 241116 (2005).
Singh, D., Malik, H.K.: Enhancement of terahertz emission in magnetized collisional plasma. Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 24, 4, 045001 (2015)
Singh, M., Sharma, R.P.: THz generation by cross-focusing of two laser beams in a rippled density plasma. EPL 101, 2, 25001 (2013)
Singh, R.K., Sharma, R.P.: Terahertz generation by two cross focused Gaussian laser beams in magnetized plasma. Phys. Plasma 21, 11, 113109 (2014)
Singh, M., Hassan, M.B., Al-Janabi, A.H., Sharma, R.P., Kumar, N.: Study of terahertz generation in magnetized plasma via self focused ultra-relativistic laser beam. IOSR-JAP 8, 37–45 (2016)
Sodha, M.S., Ghatak, A.K., Tripathi, V.K.: Self-Focusing of Laser Beam in Dielectric, Plasma and Semiconductors. Tata McGraw-Hill, Delhi, India (1974)
Sodha, M.S., Maheshwari, K.P., Sharma, R.P., Kaushik, S.C.: Plasma wave and second harmonic generation by a Gaussian EM beam in extraordinary/ordinary mode. Proc. Indian Natu. Sci. Acad. 46, 343 (1980)
Sprangle, P., Tang, C.-M., Esarey, E.: Relativistic self-focusing of short-pulse radiation beams in plasmas. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 15, 2, 145-153 (1987)
Umstadter, D.: Relativistic laser–plasma interactions. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 36, R151–R165 (2003)
Wang, K., Sun, D.-W., Hongbin, Pu.: Emerging non-destructive terahertz spectroscopic imaging technique: principle and applications in the agri-food industry. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 67, 93-105 (2017)
Yan, Z., Zhu, L., Meng, K., Huang, W., Shi, Q.: THz medical imaging: from in vitro to in vivo. Trends Biotechnol. 40, (7), 816-830.(2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.12.002
Zhang, W., Tang, Y., Shi, A., Bao, L., Shen, Y., Shen, R., Ye, Y.: Recent developments in spectroscopic techniques for the detection of explosives. Materials 11, 8, 1364 (2018)
Zhang, Y., Wang, C., Huai, B., Wang, S., Zhang, Y., Wang, D., Rong, L., Zheng, Y.: Continuous-wave THz imaging for biomedical samples. Appl. Sci. 11, 1, 71 (2021)
Zheng, H., Redo-Sanchez, A., Zhang, X.C.: Identification and classification of chemicals using terahertz reflective spectroscopic focal-plane imaging system. Opt. Express 14, 20, 9130-9141 (2006)
Acknowledgements
The authors thank the Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq, for helpful work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hassan, M.B., Abd-Ali, I.J., Mahdi, W.H. et al. Terahertz wave excitation by nonlinear coupling of intense laser field with magnetized plasma. Opt Quant Electron 55, 275 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-04557-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-04557-7