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Potential Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease in which the clinical picture, in addition to cognitive and behavioral disorders, includes visual impairment. Amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits have also been found in the retina in AD patients. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), which, like AD, is a neurodegenerative disease, occupies the leading position among geronto-ophthalmic pathologies in AD patients. AD and POAG have similar general features, so it should be possible to develop a number of general principles for the early diagnosis of these diseases. The search for biomarkers for the early detection of AD and POAG is promising. In the case of AD, early biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid and brain have now received extensive study by visualization of amyloid plaques and tau protein by positron emission tomography, while data on the use of these biomarkers in patients with POAG are rare in the literature. These diagnostic methods are not used in routine clinical practice due to their invasiveness and high cost. There is a growing need for simple, accessible biomarkers for AD and POAG, as treatment must begin at the prodromal stages of the disease, well before the onset of clinical symptoms. In AD patients, the role of biomarkers such as Aβ and tau protein in serum and plasma is under active investigation. In the case of patients with POAG, there are no data from studies of these biomarkers in the blood – further research is needed. Sirtuins (SIRT) have been found to play roles in aging and age-related diseases such as AD, glaucoma, macular degeneration, etc. SIRT may become biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia

    A. N. Bogolepova, E. V. Makhnovich & E. A. Kovalenko

  2. Federal Center for the Brain and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia

    A. N. Bogolepova, E. V. Makhnovich, E. A. Kovalenko & N. A. Osinovskaya

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  1. A. N. Bogolepova
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  2. E. V. Makhnovich
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  3. E. A. Kovalenko
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  4. N. A. Osinovskaya
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Correspondence to E. V. Makhnovich.

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Translated from Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii imeni S. S. Korsakova, Vol. 122, No. 9, pp. 7–14, September, 2022.

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Bogolepova, A.N., Makhnovich, E.V., Kovalenko, E.A. et al. Potential Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. Neurosci Behav Physi 53, 509–516 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11055-023-01449-x

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