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Release behavior and cytotoxicity of captopril-intercalated layered double hydroxide for an antihypertensive drug delivery system

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Abstract

Intercalation of an antihypertensive drug, captopril (CPL) into zinc–aluminum-layered (ZAL) double hydroxide carrier was successfully accomplished via co-precipitation method. The resulting material was investigated by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric (TGA/DTG) analysis, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur (CHNS) analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and accelerated surface area and porosity (ASAP) analysis. High loading percentage of CPL (61.6% [w/w]) in zinc–aluminum–captopril-layered double hydroxide (ZAC) with an interlayer spacing of 9.7 Å suggested the successful intercalation of CPL into the ZAL interlayer. Release percentages of the drug into Na3PO4, Na2CO3, and NaCl solutions are 48%, 30%, and 24%, respectively. Pseudo-second order kinetic model with correlation coefficient, r2 > 0.9 best defined the release behavior of CPL from ZAC nanocomposite into the aqueous media. Cytotoxicity study reveals lower toxic nature of ZAC nanohybrid (IC50 > 200 µg/mL) compared to pristine CPL drug (IC50 < 200 µg/mL) when tested on HUVEC and 3T3 cells. For the work described in this research, the organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite, ZAC could have good application in slow releases formulation of the drug delivery system.

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Acknowledgements

This research was fully funded by Universiti Tenaga Nasional BOLD Research Grant 2021 (Research Grant No. J510050002/2021081).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Monica Limau Jadam & Zaemah Jubri

  2. Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

    Siti Halimah Sarijo

Authors
  1. Monica Limau Jadam
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  2. Zaemah Jubri
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  3. Siti Halimah Sarijo
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Contributions

MLJ produced samples, performed data analysis and interpretation, and drafted the manuscript. ZJ conceived the study, participated in the design and coordination of scientific terms, and assisted to draft the manuscript. SHS assisted in the characterization of the synthesized materials.

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Correspondence to Zaemah Jubri.

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Jadam, M.L., Jubri, Z. & Sarijo, S.H. Release behavior and cytotoxicity of captopril-intercalated layered double hydroxide for an antihypertensive drug delivery system. J Porous Mater 30, 223–233 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-022-01333-y

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