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Recent Progress in Development of Functionalized Lignin Towards Sustainable Applications

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Abstract

Lignin is classified as the second most abundantly available biopolymer after cellulose and as a main aromatic resource material. Lignin structure differs based on sources of origin and species of biomass with around 15–40% of lignin content based on dry weight. It is extracted from various types of lignocellulosic biomass through different pul** extraction methods. After extraction, lignin can be further functionalized through different chemical reactions to meet the requirements and specifications before being used in end products. Therefore, in this review paper, the details on extraction and the type of lignin, as well as chemical functionalization, are discussed. The chemical functionalization can be used to modify the lignin such through phenolic depolymerization or by other aromatic compounds, creating novel chemical active sites to impact a reactivity of lignin and through functionalization of hydroxyl functional group for enhancing its reactivity. Furthermore, the recent sustainable application of lignin was discussed in different fields such as nanocomposite, flame retardant, antioxidant, cosmetic, natural binder and emulsifier. This review hence provides a summary of the current stateoftheart in lignin technology and future outlook of potential application areas.

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Acknowledgements

M.N.A.M Taib would like to thank King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) for the Post-Doctoral scheme for this project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia

    Mohamad Nurul Azman Mohammad Taib, Mohammad Mizanur Rahman & Tawfik A. Salleh

  2. RISE PFI AS, Høgskoleringen 6b, Trondheim, NO-7491, Norway

    Jost Ruwoldt

  3. Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Udayana University, Badung, Bali, 80361, Indonesia

    I. Wayan Arnata

  4. Faculty of Agriculture, Muhammadiyah University of Makassar, 90221 Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

    Dewi Sartika

  5. Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia

    Tawfik A. Salleh

  6. Materials Technology Research Group (MaTReC), School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, 11800, Malaysia

    M. Hazwan Hussin

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  1. Mohamad Nurul Azman Mohammad Taib
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Contributions

M. N. A. M Taib performed conceptualization, methodology and writing original draft. J. Ruwoldt, I. W. Arnata, D. Sartika assisted in performed methodology, writing original draft, formal analysis, investigation and validation. M. M. Rahman contributed in conception and supervision. T. A. Salleh also contributed in conception and administration on project. M. H. Hussin contributed on supervision, conception and writing-review and editing. All authors reviewed the manuscript upon submission.

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Taib, M.N.A.M., Rahman, M.M., Ruwoldt, J. et al. Recent Progress in Development of Functionalized Lignin Towards Sustainable Applications. J Polym Environ (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-024-03338-x

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