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Nonlinear Impact-Echo Test for Quantitative Evaluation of ASR Damage in Concrete

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Abstract

Nonlinear acoustic methods demonstrate high sensitivity for concrete damage evaluation. Among these methods, nonlinear resonance acoustic methods have been widely used in laboratory tests on small scale test samples. In this study, a nonlinear impact-echo (IE) method for concrete damage evaluation was introduced, in which the IE frequency shift was measured at different impact force levels. The nonlinear IE test and the nonlinear impact resonance acoustic spectroscopy (NIRAS) test share similarities in the experimental setup and analysis method. However, the nonlinear IE test excites a local thickness resonance mode of a member instead of the global resonance vibration. Therefore, the analyzed mode is unaffected by member boundary conditions and is applicable to large concrete structural members. To identify the fundamental IE frequencies, multiple impacts were applied along the members. Once the fundamental IE frequencies were determined, the effectiveness of the nonlinear IE method was evaluated by testing seven concrete beam specimens with varying levels of alkali-silica reaction (ASR) damage. The nonlinear IE test demonstrates high sensitivity to concrete damage and allows for quantitative assessment of the damage state of concrete without a baseline measurement.

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Data Availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author J.Z. upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This research is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy— Nuclear Energy University Program (NEUP) under the Contract DE-NE0008544.

Funding

U.S. Department of Energy DE-NE0008544.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nebraska Lincoln, 1110 S 67TH ST, Omaha, NE, 68118, USA

    Clayton Malone & **ying Zhu

  2. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA

    Hongbin Sun

Authors
  1. Clayton Malone
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  2. Hongbin Sun
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  3. **ying Zhu
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Contributions

JZ and CM conceptualized the methodology. CM collected data and performed analysis. All authors wrote, edited, and reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to **ying Zhu.

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The corresponding author **ying Zhu is an Associate Editor of Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation.

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The publisher has the author’s permission to publish this paper and the research findings within it. Results in this paper are based on the work in the first author’s Master Thesis [25].

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Malone, C., Sun, H. & Zhu, J. Nonlinear Impact-Echo Test for Quantitative Evaluation of ASR Damage in Concrete. J Nondestruct Eval 42, 93 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-023-01003-2

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