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Schiff Bases: A Versatile Fluorescence Probe in Sensing Cations

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Abstract

Metal cations such as Zn2+, Al3+, Hg2+, Cd2+, Sn2+, Fe2+, Fe3+ and Cu2+ play important roles in biology, medicine, and the environment. However, when these are not maintained in proper concentration, they can be lethal to life. Therefore, selective sensing of metal cations is of great importance in understanding various metabolic processes, disease diagnosis, checking the purity of environmental samples, and detecting toxic analytes. Schiff base probes have been largely used in designing fluorescent sensors for sensing metal ions because of their easy processing, availability, fast response time, and low detection limit. Herein, an in-depth report on metal ions recognition by some Schiff base fluorescent sensors, their sensing mechanism, their practical applicability in cell imaging, building logic gates, and analysis of real-life samples has been presented. The metal ions having biological, industrial, and environmental significance are targeted. The compiled information is expected to prove beneficial in designing and synthesis of the related Schiff base fluorescent sensors.

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Availability of Data and Materials

Nil.

Abbreviations

CHEF:

Chelation enhanced fluorescence

FRET:

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer

CHEQ:

Chelation enhanced quenching

ICT:

Intramolecular charge transfer

PET:

Photoinduced electron transfer

ESIPT:

Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer

LOD:

Limit of detection

Ka :

Association constant

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Acknowledgements

One of the authors(NK) is thankful for the financial assistance from MHRD, India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, Haryana-136119, India

    Neha Kumari, Shalini Singh & Minati Baral

  2. Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Sangrur, Punjab-148106, India

    B. K. Kanungo

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  1. Neha Kumari
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  2. Shalini Singh
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  3. Minati Baral
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  4. B. K. Kanungo
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Neha Kumari: Studies, data collection, compilation, and draft preparation; Shalini Singh: Draft preparation, critical revision; MinatiBaral: Conceptualisation, supervision, editing, and correction; B K Kanungo: Editing, formatting, and correction.

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Correspondence to Minati Baral.

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Kumari, N., Singh, S., Baral, M. et al. Schiff Bases: A Versatile Fluorescence Probe in Sensing Cations. J Fluoresc 33, 859–893 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-022-03135-6

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