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Building indicators for trans-boundary natural resource management in the Cambodia–Laos–Vietnam Development Triangle Area based on experts’ opinion using Delphi method

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Abstract

The Cambodia–Laos–Vietnam (CLV) Development Triangle Area which includes Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam has made remarkable socio-economic achievements in the recent decade. However, problems regarding the use and management of natural resources have not been given adequate attention in each country. The collaboratively trans-boundary water, land, and forest resource management can contribute to the sustainable socio-economic development in the CLV Development Triangle Area. Thus, this study combines an Expert Delphi technique with a focus group discussion to construct key indicators to assess trans-boundary natural resource management in the region. This technique collects the opinions of “experts” on a defined theme. Thirty-five experts participate in a two-round Delphi process. Experts were selected based on their scientific background and recognized by competent authorities. The result displays a wide range of information over time and space in the CLV Development Triangle Area. Seventy key indicators were identified from 123 potential indicators, among which 24 were related to land resource management, 19 to the water resource management, and 27 to the forest resource management. The key indicators provide assessment tools for trans-boundary natural resource management, which help both national and provincial governments building sustainability strategies in the CLV Development Triangle Area toward achieving United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SGD). Furthermore, the results also provide a scientific reference for policymakers.

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Original data are available from the corresponding author upon request.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank to the staff working at the Institute of Geography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi for providing us discussion opportunities in the field survey. Also, we would like to thank to the districts and commune authorities in Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, who supported us in completing the investigation data.

Funding

The authors did not receive financial support from any organization for the submitted paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Economics and Business, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), Hanoi, Vietnam

    An Thinh Nguyen & Dinh Tien Nguyen

  2. Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), Hanoi, Vietnam

    Ha T. T. Pham & Toan Kim Tran

  3. Institute of Geography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Cam Vinh Lai, Nhat Hong Vuong & Hong Van Nguyen

  4. Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), BE-2400 Mol, Belgium

    Luc Hens

  5. Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine

    Luc Hens

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Contributions

Conceptualization and methodology were contributed by ATN, HTTP, CVL, and LH; literature review and formal analysis were performed by HTTP, ATN, and TKT; writing-original draft preparation was prepared by HTTP, ATN, TKT, and DTN; field survey was done by ATN, CVL, NHV, and HVN; review and editing did by HTTP, ATN, HVN and LH; final editing was responsible for HTTP. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ha T. T. Pham.

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Appendix 1

Appendix 1

See Tables 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12.

Table 8 Delphi results of the first round for themes and indicators of trans-boundary land resource management
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Table 9 Delphi results of the first round for themes and indicators of trans-boundary water resource management
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Table 10 Delphi results of the first round for the themes and the indicators of trans-boundary forest resource management
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Table 11 Delphi results of the second round for indicators of trans-boundary land, water, and forest resource management
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Table 12 The indicators eliminated in the final selection process (with an average score below 4)
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Nguyen, A.T., Pham, H.T.T., Tran, T.K. et al. Building indicators for trans-boundary natural resource management in the Cambodia–Laos–Vietnam Development Triangle Area based on experts’ opinion using Delphi method. Environ Dev Sustain (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-024-04544-2

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