Abstract
The reproductive biology of Red Snapper, Lutjanus campechanus, is well understood, but there is little information on the impact of environmental, climatic, and habitat variables on reproductive parameters. We used multi-level Bayesian modeling and model selection to investigate how these variables affected spawning of female Red Snapper. Monthly collections of fish and environmental data were made from March to November 2016–2019 in the northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM). Potential spawning (percentage of tertiary vitellogenic oocytes) was best predicted by soluble reactive phosphate (PO4), PO42, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), temperature (T), T2, depth, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), with > 95% probability that these variables (except DIN) positively or negatively affected potential spawning. Annual variability is present but not predicted by the Oceanic El Niño Index (ONI), precipitation, or Bonnet Carré Spillway discharge. Recent spawning (the presence or absence of postovulatory follicles) was best predicted by PO4, PO42, DIN, salinity, dissolved oxygen, T, T2, rigs-to-reefs vs. platforms, depth, and ONI. These variables positively or negatively affected recent spawning with a > 95% probability except ONI (87% probability of positive effect). The best model for recent spawning was used to predict imminent spawning (presence or absence of fish undergoing oocyte maturation). Only PO4, salinity, T, T2, and rigs-to-reefs vs. platforms are important to predict imminent spawning, and their impacts are less certain than the impact on recent spawning. Our models indicate that temperature and river water nutrient delivery have the most impact on Red Snapper spawning in the northern GOM.
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The datasets generated/analyzed during this study are available upon reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
We thank the captains and crews of the R/V Jim Franks, the R/V Fish Haven, and the R/V Contender for assistance with sample collection. Personnel from the University of Southern Mississippi Center for Fisheries Research and Development assisted with sampling, fish work-up, and data organization. Amanda McGehee, Morgan Frank, and Branden Kohler assisted with chemical and nutrient analyses. We thank Devin Jen for producing the map for Fig. 1.
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This work was funded by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation and the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality in collaboration with the Mississippi Department of Marine Resources. The funding source was not involved in the design and completion of this study. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the opinions, views, or policies of the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. Nothing contained herein constitutes an endorsement in any respect by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation.
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NJBP conceived the study concept and wrote the first draft and revision of the manuscript. AJL and CS collected data and did laboratory analyses. All authors contributed to data analysis, with WW and CS responsible for the modeling. All authors discussed the results, contributed to drafts of the manuscript, and approved the final submission. NJBP, WW, and CS prepared figures. NJBP and KSD received funding for the study.
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Brown-Peterson, N.J., Wu, W., Slife, C. et al. Variations in Red Snapper oocyte development and spawning in relation to environmental and habitat parameters. Environ Biol Fish 105, 797–819 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-022-01287-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-022-01287-9