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Towards a cellulose-based society: opportunities and challenges

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Abstract

The current materials predominately come from fossil feedstocks and minerals. The pressures from climate change and plastic pollution challenge us to develop a bioeconomy, replacing petroleum-based products with bio-based and biodegradable products. Cellulose emerges as a versatile biopolymer to make hydrogels for absorbents, aerogels for insulation, membranes for filters, films for packaging, and fibers for textiles and reinforcements. Wood-based cellulose is increasingly perceived by relevant stakeholders to be renewable, biodegradable, and sustainable. Can the properties of cellulose-based materials compete with conventional synthetic materials? Knowledge and discoveries concerning cellulose properties and applications are scattered throughout the scientific literature base. This paper surveys the mechanical properties of cellulose-based materials in the literature using tensile properties as indicators and visualizes the data compared with other competitive materials. The goal is to provide insights into the potential and challenges of using cellulose-based products to replace synthetic materials for a sustainable society.

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Reproduced from the reference with permission from The Royal Society of Chemistry for (a) and (b); from Wiley–VCH, copyright 2018, CC-BY-4.0 for (d); from Frontiers in Chemistry, copyright 2020, CC-BY-4.0 for (e); from American Chemical Society for (c) and CC-BY-4.0 for (g); from Wiley–VCH, copyright 2011 for (h); from Elsevier, CC-BY-4.0 for (i). Both (f) and (j) are in the public domain (Wikipedia Commons)

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Reproduced from the reference with permission from Springer Nature, CC-BY-4.0 for a, and from American Chemical Society for b

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Reproduced from the reference with permission from Elsevier for b and d; from MDPI.COM, CC-BY-4.0 for c, e and f; a and g Wikipedia Commons

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Reproduced from the reference with permission from John Wiley and Sons for a and b, and Elsevier for c

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Funding

The research was supported by the USDA NIFA Agriculture and Food Research Initiative program under grant number of 2018-67010-27906.

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  1. Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI, 53726, USA

    **wu Wang & Zhiyong Cai

  2. Advanced Structures and Composites Center, School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA

    **wu Wang, Lu Wang, Douglas J. Gardner & Stephen M. Shaler

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Wang, J., Wang, L., Gardner, D.J. et al. Towards a cellulose-based society: opportunities and challenges. Cellulose 28, 4511–4543 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-03771-4

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