Abstract
Shrimp farming in salt pans is an emerging aquaculture practice for producing high-quality shrimp. However, how high salinity in salt pans improves shrimp quality and the mechanisms underlying the physiological adaptation of shrimp to high salinity are poorly understood. In this study, four salt pan ponds with different salinity levels (33 ± 5, 40 ± 5, 47 ± 5, and 52 ± 7 g/L) were selected for shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) culture for 120 days. The quality characteristics of the shrimp were subsequently assessed by body color, astaxanthin content and proximate and amino acid composition. The physiological characteristics of the shrimp were revealed by histological and transcriptomic analysis of the hepatopancreas. The results showed that high salinity reduced the crude lipid content and improved the nutritional value of shrimp in terms of amino acid content (such as lysine, alanine, proline and cysteine). Moreover, high salinity improved the abundance of total free amino acids, umami amino acids (glutamic acid) and sweet amino acids (proline and alanine) in shrimp. In addition, salinities of 40 ~ 52 g/L increased the astaxanthin content and improved the body color of the shrimp. The liver corpuscles of the HS33 group were compact and star-shaped, while in the HS40 group, the epithelial cells were shed. The percentage of P. vannamei hepatocytes that exhibited vacuolization gradually increased from the lowest value of 9.10% (33 ± 5 g/L) to 13.10% (40 ± 5 g/L), 18.31% (47 ± 5 g/L), and 24.03% (52 ± 7 g/L). Transcriptome analysis revealed that salinity significantly influenced the metabolism of arginine, lysine, glycine, taurine and β-alanine. However, high salinity (52 ± 7 g/L) significantly increased hepatopancreatic damage in shrimp and altered the expression of the hepatopancreas transcriptome. Overall, it could be concluded that salt ponds with salinities of 40–47 g/L are suitable for the production of high-quality shrimp.
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This work is supported by the National Key R&D Program of China, no. 2020YFD0900202.
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Changjian Li: Investigation; Data curation; Formal analysis; Writing - original draft. **nhua Wu: Sample collection. Keke Lei: Writing - original draft. **angli Tian: Conceptualization; Methodology. Yunfei Liu: Sample collection. Hongwei Shan: Conceptualization; Funding acquisition; Methodology; Supervision; Writing - review & editing.
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Supplementary Material 1 Fig. S1 Cluster analysis of differentially expressed genes. Fig. S2 GO analysis of differentially expressed genes. Fig. S3 KEGG analysis of differentially expressed genes. Fig. S4 RT‒PCR validation of the RNA-seq profiles.
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Li, C., Wu, X., Lei, K. et al. Characterization of the quality and physiological status of Penaeus vannamei in salt pans at various salinities. Aquacult Int (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-024-01559-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-024-01559-4