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Effects of 3-month high-intensity interval training vs. moderate endurance training and 4-month follow-up on fat metabolism, cardiorespiratory function and mitochondrial respiration in obese adults

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate, in obese adults, changes in body composition, physical capacities, fat oxidation and ex vivo mitochondrial respiration induced by a 3-month either moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) or high-intensity interval training (HIIT); afterwards, the patients were followed for four months.

Methods

Thirty-two patients (mean age 39 years; mean body mass index [BMI] 36 kg∙m−2) participated in this study attending ~ 34 sessions of training. At baseline (PRE), at the end of the program (POST) and after follow-up, body composition, peak O2 uptake (V′O2peak) and fat oxidation rate were measured. Vastus lateralis biopsies for the evaluation of mitochondrial respiration were performed only at PRE and POST.

Results

At POST, body mass (BM) and fat mass (FM) decreased (− 6 and − 14%, respectively, P < 0.05) in MICT and HIIT; V′O2peak increased in both groups (+ 6 and + 16%, respectively, P < 0.05). Maximal fat oxidation rate increased only after HIIT (P < 0.001). Maximal ADP-stimulated mitochondrial respiration normalized by citrate synthase increased (P < 0.05) by 67% and 36% in MICT and HIIT, respectively, without significant difference. After follow-up, BM and FM were still lower (− 4 and − 20%, respectively, P < 0.050) compared with baseline in both groups. Only after HIIT, V′O2peak (+ 8%) and maximal fat oxidation rate were still higher (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

HIIT was more effective in improving and maintaining V’O2peak and fat oxidation. These results may be relevant for an appropriate prescription of training programs designed to optimize aerobic fitness in obese subjects.

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Abbreviations

\({\text{a-}}\bar{v}{\text{O}}_2\ {\text{diff}}\) :

Arteriovenous oxygen difference

BM:

Body mass

BMI:

Body mass index

CO:

Cardiac output

CI:

Oxidative phosphorylation complex I

CII:

Oxidative phosphorylation complex II

DAP:

Diastolic arterial pressure

ETS:

Mitochondrial electron transport system

FAT:

Lipid oxidation rate during the incremental test

FM:

Fat mass

FFM:

Fat-free mass

HIIT:

High-intensity interval training

HOMA-IR:

Homeostasis Model Assessment

HR:

Heart rate

IPAQ-SF:

International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form

MICT:

Moderate-intensity continuous training

SAP:

Systolic arterial pressure

SF12:

Short-Form 12, questionnaire about health-related quality of life

SF12_MI:

Short-Form 12, mental index

SF12_PI:

Short-Form 12, physical index

SVC:

Systemic vascular conductance

V′CO2 :

Pulmonary CO2 output

V′O2 :

Pulmonary O2 uptake

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the subjects who agreed to participate to the. They thank the nursing staff at the Department of Public Health—A.A.S. n. 3 “Alto Friuli-Collinare-Medio Friuli” Gemona del Friuli—Udine (Italy), for their qualified assistance during the study. The study was supported by the University of Udine research funds.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy

    Filippo Vaccari, Benedetta Magnesa, Marina Comelli, Irene Mavelli, Bruno Grassi, Federica Fiori, Giulia Bravo, Maria Parpinel & Stefano Lazzer

  2. School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy

    Filippo Vaccari & Stefano Lazzer

  3. Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

    Angelina Passaro, Andrea D’Amuri & Juana Maria Sanz

  4. Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

    Angelina Passaro, Francesca Di Vece & Eleonora Capatti

  5. Biomedical, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy

    Alice Avancini

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Contributions

FV and SL conceived the overall study; all the authors contributed to design the research. FV, ADA, FDV, EC, BM and FF and conducted the experiments. FV, AD, JMS, BN, MC, FF, GB and AA analysed the data. FV wrote the manuscript with the help of AP, BM, MC, IM, FF, GB. SL, BG and IM who revised the manuscript. All the authors read and approved this manuscript.

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Correspondence to Filippo Vaccari.

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Communicated by Philip D. Chilibeck.

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Vaccari, F., Passaro, A., D’Amuri, A. et al. Effects of 3-month high-intensity interval training vs. moderate endurance training and 4-month follow-up on fat metabolism, cardiorespiratory function and mitochondrial respiration in obese adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 120, 1787–1803 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-020-04409-2

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