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In recent years, concerns regarding the effects of aluminum pollution on human health have gained significant attention (Li et al. 2023; Hiller et al. 2023; Bryliński et al. 2023). Aluminum, a widely used metal in various industries, has found its way into our environment through manufacturing processes, waste disposal, and everyday products (Willhite et al. 2014; Borowska and Brzóska 2015). As the evidence surrounding its potential health risks continues to mount, it is imperative that we address the issue and take proactive measures to mitigate its impact on human well-being.
Aluminum is a naturally occurring element and is the third most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust (Nie 2018). Its widespread use in industries such as construction, transportation, packaging, and electronics has resulted in the release of aluminum compounds into the air, water, and soil (Willhite et al. 2014; Nie 2018). Additionally, aluminum-based products like cookware, beverage cans, and antacids contribute to its exposure in our daily lives.
Studies have suggested a link between aluminum exposure and several health statuses. One of the most prominent concerns is its potential role in neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (Colomina and Peris-Sampedro 2017; Nie 2018; 8.Huat et al. 2019; Bryliński et al. 2023). While the exact mechanisms are not yet fully understood, research has indicated that aluminum can accumulate in the brain and contribute to the development or progression of these conditions.
Moreover, aluminum exposure has been associated with respiratory issues, such as lung fibrosis and reduced lung function (Elserougy et al. 2015; Zhou et al. 2021). Individuals working in aluminum-related industries or residing near manufacturing facilities may be particularly vulnerable to inhalation of aluminum particles or fumes (Elserougy et al. 2015). Prolonged exposure to high levels of aluminum has also been associated with bone disorders, kidney damage, hormonal imbalances and cancers (Nayak 2002; Gibbs et al. 2014; Chappard et al. 2016; Corkins 2019; McClure et al. 2020).
Considering the exposome, the measure of all the exposures of an individual in a lifetime (Vermeulen et al. 2020), in the context of aluminum pollution, it becomes evident that aluminum exposure is just one piece of the larger puzzle. The impacts of aluminum pollution need to be examined in conjunction with other environmental factors to understand their combined effects on human health. This broader perspective provided by the exposome framework can help us uncover potential interactions and synergistic effects between aluminum and other pollutants, leading to a more comprehensive understanding of their health implications.
To safeguard human health from the detrimental effects of aluminum pollution, concerted efforts are required at multiple levels. Firstly, regulatory bodies should enforce stricter guidelines on industrial emissions and waste disposal practices, ensuring that aluminum contamination is minimized. Industries should adopt sustainable manufacturing processes that reduce aluminum usage and encourage the recycling of aluminum-based products.
Secondly, public awareness campaigns play a crucial role in educating individuals about the potential health risks associated with aluminum exposure. These campaigns should emphasize the adoption of healthier alternatives and safer practices, such as using stainless steel or glass cookware instead of aluminum and avoiding excessive consumption of aluminum-containing antacids or food additives.
Furthermore, governments and research institutions should prioritize funding for further research into the long-term effects of aluminum exposure. By deepening our understanding of the mechanisms through which aluminum affects human health, we can develop targeted strategies for prevention and treatment.
In this scenario, addressing aluminum pollution aligns with the global sustainability agenda outlined in the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and specifically, Goal 3: ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages, and Goal 12: ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns. The SDGs, with their target year of 2030, provide a roadmap for countries and stakeholders to work towards a more sustainable and inclusive future.
In conclusion, addressing the health risks associated with aluminum pollution requires considering the exposome and embracing the principles of the SDGs. By understanding the broader context of environmental exposures and adopting sustainable approaches, we can mitigate the impact of aluminum pollution on human health and strive towards a healthier and more sustainable future for humanity.
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Bonfiglio, R., Scimeca, M. & Mauriello, A. The impact of aluminum exposure on human health. Arch Toxicol 97, 2997–2998 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-023-03581-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-023-03581-6