Abstract
To investigate the metabolism and possible deleterious effects of 4-methyl and 4,4-dimethyl steroids inManduca sexta, the 4,4-dimethyl sterols lanosterol and cycloartenol, the 4-methyl sterol obtusifoliol and the 4,4-dimethyl pentacyclic triterpenoid α-amyrin were fed in an artificial agar-based diet at various concentrations. Utilization and metabolism of these four compounds were compared with sitosterol, stigmasterol, brassicasterol, ergosterol and 24-methylenecholesterol, 24-alkyl sterols that are readily dealkylated and converted to cholesterol inManduca and in most phytophagous insects. None of the 4-methylated compounds significantly inhibited development except at very high dietary concentrations. The Δ24-bonds of lanosterol and cycloartenol were effectively reduced by theManduca Δ24-sterol reductase enzyme, as is the Δ24-bond of desmosterol which, in most phytophagous insects, is an intermediate in the conversion of sitosterol, stigmasterol and other C28 and C29 phytosterols to cholesterol. On the other hand, the 24-methylene substituent of obtusifoliol was not dealkylated. Each of the 4-desmethyl C28 and C29 sterols was readily converted to cholesterol, and a significant amount of 7-dehydro-cholesterol was derived from ergosterol metabolism. The reason for the differences in substrate specificity of these sterols is not clear, but the information may be useful in the development of new, specific, mechanism-based inhibitors of sterol metabolism.
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Abbreviations
- HPLC:
-
high-performance liquid chromatography
- TLC:
-
thinlayer chromatography
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Svoboda, J.A., Ross, S.A. & Nes, W.D. Comparative studies of metabolism of 4-desmethyl, 4-monomethyl and 4,4-dimethyl sterols inManduca sexta . Lipids 30, 91–94 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02537047
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02537047