SpringerLink
Log in

Molecular and phytochemical analysis of wild type and olive cultivars grown under Saudi Arabian environment

  • Original Article
  • Published:
3 Biotech Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study aimed to assess genetic variability at molecular and phytochemical levels among the four most commonly grown olive cultivars and the wild-type olive of Saudi Arabia. Sixty-six and 80 amplicons were generated from 9 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) primers, each, producing an average of 95.9 and 86.44% polymorphism for the two markers, respectively. The PIC values were 82.2% for the RAPD and 85.4% for the ISSR markers and the discrimination power for both the markers was 11.1%. The UPGMA cluster analysis based on the RAPD and ISSR data resulted in the aggregation of cultivars and wild accession with a good bootstrap** value according to their origin. Furthermore, a total of 199 compounds were identified in the cultivars based on peak area, retention time, and molecular formula using GC–MS analyses of methanolic and ethanolic extracts. These compounds were classified according to their chemical class; most of them were fatty acids, alcoholic compounds, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, heterocyclic compounds, ketones, alkanes, and phenols. Genetic and phytochemical distances were significantly correlated, based on the Mantel test. The Saudi wild accession also had high numbers of fatty acids and their esters, and can be used in breeding programs for generating new genotypes with interesting characters.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Germany)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abdessemed S, Muzzalupo I, Benbouza H (2015) Assessment of genetic diversity among Algerian olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars using SSR marker. SciHort 192:10–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Alghamdi SS, Al-Faifi S, Migdadi HM, Khan MA, EL-Harty E, Ammar MH (2012) Molecular diversity assessment using Sequence Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) markers in Vicia faba. Int J Mol Sci 13:16457–16471. doi:10.3390/ijms131216457

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Ismail KM, Ahmad R, Al-Dabbas M (2011) Some physiochemical properties of olive and olive oil of three Jordanian olive varieties. Rivista Italiana Delle Sostanze Grasse 88:191–198

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Khalifah NS, Askari E, El-Kholy M (2012) Following olive footprints in Saudi Arabia. In: El-Kholy, M. (ed) Following olive footprints (Olea europaeaL.) cultivation and culture, Folklore and History, Traditions and Uses. Aarinena, IOC, and ISHS (Scripta Horticulturae N. 13)

  • Allalout A, Krichène D, Methenni K, Taamalli A, Daoud D, Zarrouk M (2011) Behavior of super-intensive Spanish and Greek olive cultivars grown in northern Tunisia. J Food Biochem 35:27–43

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Ruqaie NS, Al-Khalifah AE, Shanavaskhan (2016) Morphological cladistic analysis of eight popular Olive (Olea europaeaL.) cultivars grown in Saudi Arabia using numerical taxonomic system for personal computer to detect phyletic relationship and their proximate fruit composition. Saudi J Biol Sci 23:115–121

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson J, Churchill G, Autrique J, Tanksley S, Sorrells M (1993) Optimizing parental selection for genetic linkage maps. Genome 36:181–186

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Angerosa F (2002) Influence of volatile compounds on virgin olive oil quality evaluated by analytical approaches and sensor panels. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 104:639–660

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Angiolillo A, Mencuccini M, Baldoni L (1999) Olive genetic diversity assessed using amplified fragment length polymorphisms. Theor Appl Genet 98:411–421

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Asadiar L, Rahmani F, Siami A (2013) Assessment of genetic diversity in the Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) based on ISSR genetic markers. Revista Ciência Agronômica 44:310–316

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baldoni L, Tosti N, Ricciolini C, Belaj A, Arcioni S, Pannelli G, Germana MA, Mulas M, Porceddu A (2006) Genetic structure of wild and cultivated olives in the central Mediterranean basin. Ann Bot 98:935–942

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Banilas G, Minas J, Gregoriou C, Demoliou C, Kourti A, Hatzopoulos P (2003) Genetic diversity among accessions of an ancient olive variety of Cyprus. Genome 46:370–376

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barranco D, Rallo L (2000) Olive cultivars in Spain. Hortechnology 10:107–110

    Google Scholar 

  • Barranco D, Cimato A, Fiorino P, Rallo L, Touzani A, Castaneda C, Serafin F, Trujillo I (2000) Word catalogue of olive varieties. International Olive Oil Council, Madrid, p 360

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartolini G, Prevost G, Messeri C, Carignani G, Menini U (1998) Olive germplasm. Cultivars and world-wide collections. FAO, Rome

    Google Scholar 

  • Belaj A, Trujillo I, de la Rosa R, Rallo L, Gime’nez MJ (2001) Polymorphism and discriminating capacity of randomly amplified polymorphic markers in an olive germplasm bank. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 126:64–71

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Belaj A, Caballero JM, Barranco D, Rallo L, Trujillo I (2003a) Genetic characterization and identification of new accessions from Syria in an olive germplasm bank by means of RAPD markers. Euphytica 134:261–268

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Belaj A, Satovic Z, Ciprian G, Baldoni L, Testolin R, Rallo L, Trujillo I (2003b) Comparative study of the discriminating capacity of RAPD, AFLP and SSR markers and their effectiveness in establishing genetic relationship in olive. Theor Appl Genet 107:736–744

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Belaj A, Satovic Z, Ismaeli H, Panajoti D, Rallo L, Trujillo I (2003c) RAPD genetic diversity of Albanian olive germplasm and its relationships with other Mediterranean countries. Euphytica 130:387–395

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Belaj A, Satovic Z, Trujillo I, Rallo L (2004) Genetic relationships of spanish olive cultivars using RAPD markers. Hort Sci 39:916–1156

    Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Ali S, Ben-Mohamed M, Guasmi F, Triki T, Kamel N (2015) Genetic variability of Tunisian olive cultivars by ISSR and SSR markers. J N Sci Agric Biotechnol 24:1098–1107

    Google Scholar 

  • Bendini A, Cerretani L, Carrasco-Pancorbo A, Gómez-Caravaca AM, Segura-Carretero A, Fernández-Gutiérrez A, Lercker G (2007) Phenolic molecules in virgin olive oils: a survey of their sensory properties, health effects, antioxidant activity and analytical methods. An overview of the last decade. Molecules 12:1679–1719

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Besnard G, Baradat P, Berville A (2001) Genetic relationships in the olive (Olea europaea L.) reflects multilocal selection of cultivars. Theor Appl Genet 102:251–258

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Besnard G, Garcıa-Verdugo C, Rubio de Casas R, Treier U, Galland N, Vargas P (2008) Polyploidy in the olive complex (Olea europaea): evidence from flow cytometry and nuclear microsatellite analyses. Ann Bot 101:25–30

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Biton I, Doron-Faigenboim A, Jamwal M, Mani Y, Eshed R, Rosen A et al (2015) Development of a large set of SNP markers for assessing phylogenetic relationships between the olive cultivars composing the Israeli olive germplasm collection. Mol Breed 35:107–120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bogani P, Cavalieri D, Petruccelli R, Polsinelli L, Roselli G (1994) Identification of olive tree cultivars by using random amplified polymorphic DNA. Acta Hort 356:98–101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brake M, Migdadi H, Al-Gharaibeh M, Ayoub S, Haddad N, El Oqlah A (2014) Characterization of Jordanian olive cultivars (Olea europaea L.) using RAPD and ISSR molecular markers. Sci Hort 176:282–289

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brito G, Loureiro J, Lopes T, Rodriguez E, Santos C (2008) Genetic characterization of olive trees from Madeira Archipelago using flow cytometry and microsatellite markers. Genet Resour Crop Evol 55:657–664

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brousse G (1987) Olive. In: Robbelen G, Downey RK, Ashri A (eds) Oil crops of the world, their breeding and utilization. McGraw Hill, New York, pp 462–474

    Google Scholar 

  • Campeol E, Flamini G, Chericoni S, Catalano S, Cremonini R (2001) Volatile compounds from three cultivars of Olea europaea from Italy. J Agric Food Chem 49:5409–5411

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caraffa V, Giannettini J, Gambotti C, Maury J (2002) Genetic relationships between cultivated and wild olives of Corsica and Sardinia using RAPD markers. Euphytica 123:263–271

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cipriani G, Marrazzo MT, Marconi R, Cimato A (2002) Testolin R, Microsatellite markers isolated in olive (Olea europaea L.) are suitable for individual fingerprinting and reveal polymorphism within ancient cultivars. Theor Appl Genet 104:223–228

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Contento A, Ceccarelli M, Gelati MT (2002) Diversity of Olea genotypes and the origin of cultivated olives. Theor Appl Genet 104:1229–1238

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cordeiro AI, Sanchez-Sevilla JF, Alvarez-Tinaut MC, Gomez-Jimenez MC (2008) Genetic diversity assessment in Portugal accessions of Olea europaea by RAPD markers. Biologia Plantarum 52(4):642–647

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dabbou S, Rjiba I, Nakbi A, Gazzah N, Issaoui M, Hammami M (2010) Compositional quality of virgin olive oils from cultivars introduced in Tunisian arid zones in comparison to Chemlali cultivars. Sci Hortic 124:122–127

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Di Giovacchino L, Costantini N, Serraiocco A, Surricchio G, Basti C (2001) Natural antioxidants and volatile compounds of virgin olive oils obtained by two or three-phases centrifugal decamters. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 103:279–285

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Erre P, Chessa I, Munoz-Diez C, Belaj A, Rallo L, Trujillo I (2010) Genetic diversity and relationships between wild and cultivated olives (Olea europaea L.) in Sardinia as assessed by SSR markers. Genet Resour Crop Evol 57:41–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Essadki M, Ouazzani O, Lumaret R, Moumni M (2006) ISSR variation in olive-tree cultivars from Morocco and other western countries of the Mediterranean Basin. Genet Resour Crop Evol 53:475–482. doi:10.1007/s10722-004-1931-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Esselman EJ, Jianqiang L, Crawford DJ, Windusss JL, Wolfe AD (1999) Clonal diversity in the rare Calamagrosis porteri ssp. insperata (Poaceae) comparative results for al-allozyme and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Mol Ecol 8:443–451

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flath RA, Forrey RR, Guadagni DG (1973) Aroma components of olive oil. J Agric Food Chem 21(6):948–952

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gallina-Toschi T, Cerretani L, Bendini A, BonoliCarbognin M, Lercker G (2005) Oxidative stability and phenolic content of virgin olive oil: an analytical approach by traditional and high resolution techniques. J Sep Sci 28:859–870

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ganino T, Beghè D, Valenti S, Nisi R, Fabbri A (2007) RAPD and SSR markers for characterization and identification of ancient cultivars of Olea europaea L. in the Emilia region, Northern Italy. Genet Resour Crop Evol 54(7):1531–1540

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gomes S, Martins-Lopes P, Lima-Brito J, Meirinhos J, Lopes J, Martins A, Guedes-Pinto H (2008) Evidence of clonal variation in olive Verdeal-Transmontana cultivar using RAPD, ISSR and SSR markers. J Hortic Sci Biotechnol 83(4):395–400

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gomes S, Martins-Lopes P, Lopes J, Guedes-Pinto H (2009) Assessing genetic diversity in Olea europaea L. using ISSR and SSR markers. Plant Mol Biol Rep 27:365–373

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gomez-Rico A, Salvador MD, La Greca M, Fregapane G (2006) Phenolic and volatile compounds of extra virgin olive oil (Olea europaea L. cv. Cornicabra) with regard to fruit ripening and irrigation management. J Agric Food Chem 54:7130–7136

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Green PS (2002) A revision of Olea L. (Oleaceae). Kew Bull 57:91–140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haddada F, Krichène D, Manai H, Oueslati I, Daoud D, Zarrouk M (2008) Analytical evaluation of six monovarietal virgin olive oils from Northern Tunisia. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 110:905–913

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hagidimitriou M, Katsiotis A, Menexes G, Pontikis C, Loukas M (2005) Genetic diversity of major greek olive cultivars using molecular AFLPs and RAPDs markers and morphological traits. J Am Soc Hort Sci 130(2):211–217

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hakim IR, Grati-Kamoun N, Makhloufi E, Rebaï A (2010) Discovery and potential of SNP markers in characterization of Tunisian olive germplasm. Diversity 2:17–27

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hammer O, Harper DAT, Ryan PD (2001) PAST: paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica 4(1): 9 pp

  • Hassawi DS, Hadeib T (2004) Genetic analysis of olive genotypes (Olea europaea L.) using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). J Genet Breed 58:141–148

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hegazi S, Hegazi A, Tawfik A, Sayed H (2012) Molecular characterization of local and imported olive cultivars grown in Egypt using ISSR technique. J Hort Sci Ornam Plants 4(2):148–154

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heywood VM (1978) Flowering plants in the world. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Ipek M, Seker M, Ipek A, Gul MK (2015) Identification of molecular markers associated with fruit traits in olive and assessment of olive core collection with AFLP markers and fruit traits. Genet Mol Res 14:2762–2774

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Irshad F, Raza I, Ali I, Naeem R, Jabeen Z (2014) Genetic diversity of olive germplasm using RAPD markers. J Bio- Mol Sci 2(4):93–99

    Google Scholar 

  • Issaoui M, Gharbi I, Flamini G, Cioni P, BendiniToschi T, Hammami M (2015) Aroma compounds and sensory characteristics as biomarkers of quality of differently processed Tunisian virgin olive oils. Int J Food Sci Technol 50:1764–1770

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kalua CM, Allen MS, Bedgood DR, Bishop AG, Prenzler PD, Robards K (2007) Olive oil volatile compounds, flavour development and quality: a critical review. Food Chem 100:273–286

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karp A, Kresovich S, Bhat KV, Ayad W G, Hodgkin T (1997) Molecular tools in plant genetic resources conservation: a guide to the technologies. In: IPGRI Technical Bulletin No. 2. International Plant genetic Resources Institute, Rome

  • Kaya E (2015) ISSR Analysis for Determination of genetic diversity and relationship in eight Turkish olive (Olea europaea L) cultivars. Not Bot HortiAgrobo 43(1):96–99

    Google Scholar 

  • Khadari B, Breton C, Moutier N, Roger JP, Besnard G, Bervillé A, Dosba F (2003) The use of molecular markers for germplasm management in a French olive collection. Theor Appl Genet 106:521–529

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khierallah H, Bader S, Baum M, Hamwieh A (2011) Genetic diversity of Iraqi Date Palms revealed by Microsatellite Polymorphism. J Am Soc Hort Sci 136:282–287

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lazzez A, Perri E, Caravita MA, Khlif M, Cossentini M (2008) Influence of olive maturity stage and geographical origin on some minor components in virgin olive oil of the Chemlali variety. J Agric Food Chem 56:982–988

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leon L, Beltran G, Aguilera MP, Rallo L, Barranco D, De la Rosa R (2011) Oil composition of advanced selections from an olive breeding program. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 113:870–875

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Linos A, Nikoloudakis N, Katsiotis A, Hagidimitriou M (2014) Genetic structure of the Greek olive germplasm revealed by RAPD, ISSR and SSR markers. Sci Hort 175:33–43

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Longobardi F, Ventrella A, Casiello G, Sacco D, Tasioula-Margari M, Kiritsakis AK (2012) Characterization of the geographical origin of Western Greek virgin olive oils based on instrumental and multivariate statistical analysis. Food Chem 133:169–175

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lopes MS, Mendoça D, Sefc KM, Gil FS, Camara- Machado A (2004) Genetic evidence of intra-cultivar variability within Iberian olive cultivars. Hort Sci 39:1562–1565

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lopez-Cortes I, Salazar-García DC, Velázquez-Martí B, Salazar DM (2013) Chemical characterization of traditional varietal olive oils in East of Spain. Food Res Int 54:1934–1940

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loukas M, Krimbas CB (1983) History of olive cultivars based on their genetic distances. J Hortic Sci 58:121–127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lumaret R, Ouazzani N (2001) Plant genetics. Ancient wild olives in Mediterranean forests. Nature 413(6857):700

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mantel N (1967) The detection of disease clustering and a generalized regression approach. Cancer Res 27:209–220

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martins-Lopes P, Lima-Brito J, Gomes S, Meirinhos J, Santos L, Guedes-Pinto H (2007) RAPD and ISSR molecular markers in Olea europaea L.: genetic variability and cultivar identification. Genet Resour Crop Evol 54:117–128

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martins-Lopes P, Gomes S, Lima-BritoJ Lopes J, Guedes-Pinto H (2009) Assessment of clonal genetic variability in Olea europaea L. Cobrançosa by molecular markers. Scientia Horticulturae 123(1):82–89

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matos L, Cunha S, Amaral J, Pereira JA, Andrade P, Seabra R (2006) Chemometric characterization of three varietal olive oils (Cvs. Cobranc, osa, Madural and Verdeal Transmontana) extracted from olives with different maturation indices. Food Chem 102:406–414

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morales MT, Aparicio R, Rios JJ (1994) Dynamic headspace gas chromatographic method for determining Volatiles in virgin olive oil. J Chromatogr 668:455–462

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muzzalupo I, Perri E (2009) Genetic diversity in olive tree cultivars from Italy and other countries of the Mediterranean basin as revealed by RAPD and SSR molecular marker. Adv Hort Sci 23(4):263–275

    Google Scholar 

  • Newmark H (1997) Squalene, olive oil, and cancer risk: a review and hypothesis. Cancer Epidemiol Blornarkers Prev 6:1101–1103

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nieto ML, Hodaifa G, Lozano-Peña JL (2010) Changes in phenolic compounds and Rancimat stability of olive oils from varieties of olives at different stages of ripeness. J Sci Food Agr 90:2393–2398

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Noormohammadi Z, Sheidai M, Dehghani A, Parvini F, Mazinani S (2012) Inter-population genetic diversity in Oleacuspidata subsp. cuspidata revealed by SSR and ISSR markers. Acta Biologica Szegediensis 56(2):155–163

    Google Scholar 

  • Noormohammadi Z, Trujillo I, Belaj A, Ataei SH, Osseini-Mazinan M (2014) Genetic structure of Iranian olive cultivars and their relationship with Mediterranean’s cultivars revealed by SSR markers. SciHort 178:175–183

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ostlund RE (2004) Phytosterols and cholesterol metabolism. Curr Opin Lipidol 15(1):37–41

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pardo JE, Cuesta MA, Alvarruiz JD, Granell M, Álvarez-Ortí M (2010) Evaluation of potential and real qualities of virgin olive oil from the designation of origin (DO) “Aceite Montes de Alcaraz” (Albacete, Spain). Food Chem 124:1684–1690

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pasqualone A, Caponio F, Blanco A (2001) Inter-simple sequence repeat DNA markers for identification of drupes from different Olea europaea L. cultivars. Eur Food Res Technol 213:240–243

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pasqualone A, Montemurro C, di Rienzo V, Summo C, Paradiso VM, Caponio F (2016) Evolution and perspectives of cultivar identification and traceability from tree to oil and table olives by means of DNA markers. J Sci Food Agric 96(11):3642–3657

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Penner GA (1996) RAPD analysis of plant genome. In: Jauhar PP (ed) Methods of genome analysis in plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 251–268

    Google Scholar 

  • Perez AG, León L, Pascual M, Romero-Segura C, Sánchez-Ortiz A, de la Rosa R, Sanz C (2014) Variability of virgin olive oil phenolic compounds in a segregating progeny from a single cross in Olea europaea L. and sensory and nutritional quality implications. PLoS One 9(3):e92898

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perez AG, Rosa RD, Pascual M, Sánchez-Ortiz A, Romero-Segura C, León L, Sanz C (2016) Assessment of volatile compound profiles and the deduced sensory significance of virgin olive oils from the progeny of Picual × Arbequina cultivars. J Chromatogr 1428:305–315

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Poljuha D, Sladonja B, Šetić E, Milotić A, Bandelj D, Jakše J, Javornik B (2008) DNA fingerprinting of olive varieties in Istria (Croatia) by microsatellite markers. Sci Hortic 115:223–230

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ranalli A, De Mattia G, Patumi M, Proietti P (1999) Quality of virgin olive oil as influenced by origin area. Grasas Aceites 50:249–259

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reale S, Doveri S, Díaz A, Angiolillo A, Lucentini L, Pilla F et al (2006) SNP-based markers for discriminating olive (Olea europaeaL.) cultivars. Genome 49:1193–1205

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reboredo-Rodríguez P, González-Barreiro C, Cancho-Grande B, Simal-Gándara J (2013) Effects of sedimentation plus racking process in the extra virgin olive oil aroma fingerprint obtained by DHS–TD/GC–MS. Food Bioprocess Technol 6(5):1290–1301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ridolfi M, Terenziani S, Patumi M, Fontanazza G (2002) Characterization of the lipoxygenases in some olive cultivars and determination of their role in volatile compounds formation. J Agric Food Chem 50(4):835–839

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rugini E, Lavee S (1992) Olive. Biotechnology of perennial fruit crops. CAB International, Wallingford, pp 371–382

    Google Scholar 

  • Salimia RB, Awad MK, Kalaitzis PK (2009) Genetic fingerprinting of Palestinian olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars using SNP markers. Jordan J Agric Sci 5:282–294

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanz-Cortes F, Badenes ML, Paz S, Iiguez A, Ljcer G (2001) Molecular characterization of olive cultivars using RAPD markers. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 126:7–12

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sefc KM, Lopes MS, Mendonça D, Rodrigues Dos Santos M, Da Câmara Laimer, Machado M, Da Câmara Machado A (2000) Identification of microsatellite loci in olive (Olea europaea L.) and their characterization in Italian and Iberian olive trees. Mol Ecol 9:1171–1173

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Servili M, Montedoro G (2002) Contribution of phenolic compounds to virgin olive oil quality. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 104:602–613

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tapiero KD, Tew G, Nguyen Ba, Mathé G (2002) Polyphenols: do they play a role in the prevention of human pathologies? Biomed Pharmacother 56:200–207

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vargas P, Kadereit JW (2001) Molecular fingerprinting evidence (ISSR, inter-simple sequence repeats) for a wild status of Olea europaea L. (Oleaceae) in the Eurosiberian North of the Iberian Peninsula. Flora 196:142–152

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vekiari SA, Papadopoulou P, Kiritsakis A (2007) Effects of processing methods and commercial storage conditions on the extra virgin olive oil quality indexes. Grasas Aceites 58:237–242

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zarrouk W, Faouzia H, Baccouri B, Oueslati I, Taamalli W, Fernandez X (2008) Characterization of virgin olive oil from Southern Tunisia. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 110:81–88

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zohary D, Hopf M (1994) Domestication of plants in the Old World, 2nd edn. Clarendon Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Zohary D, Spiegel-Roy P (1975) Beginnings of fruit growing in old world. Science 187:319–327

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge with thanks for financial support to the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and are very grateful to Researchers Support Services Unit at King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, for language editing.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Abdullah A. Abood, Abdullah M. Al-Ansari, Mohammad K. Okla & Aref M. Alshameri

  2. Department of Plant Production College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Hussein M. Migdadi, Abdulaziz M. Assaeed & Mohamad Altaf Khan

  3. Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt

    Ahmad K. Hegazy

Authors
  1. Abdullah A. Abood
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Abdullah M. Al-Ansari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hussein M. Migdadi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mohammad K. Okla
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Abdulaziz M. Assaeed
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Ahmad K. Hegazy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Aref M. Alshameri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Mohamad Altaf Khan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hussein M. Migdadi.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

Authors declare no conflict of interest of any type.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (DOCX 83 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Abood, A.A., Al-Ansari, A.M., Migdadi, H.M. et al. Molecular and phytochemical analysis of wild type and olive cultivars grown under Saudi Arabian environment. 3 Biotech 7, 289 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-017-0920-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-017-0920-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation