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Triboelectric nanogenerator integrated with a simple controlled switch for regularized water wave energy harvesting

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Abstract

Ocean is full of low-frequency, irregular, and widely distributed wave energy, which is suitable as the energy source for maritime Internet of Things (IoTs). Utilizing triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) to harvest ocean wave energy and power sensors is proven to be an effective scheme. However, in random ocean waves, the irregular electrical energy output by general TENGs restricts the applications. At present, achieving regularized water wave energy harvesting relies on rather complex mechanical structure designs, which is not conducive to industrialization. In this work, we proposed a novel mechanical controlled TENG (MC-TENG) with a simple controlled switch to realize the regularization function. The structural parameters of the MC-TENG are optimized, and the optimal output voltage, output current, and transferred charge respectively reach 1684.2 V, 85.4 µA, and 389.9 nC, generating a peak power density of 38.46 W·m−3·Hz−1. Under real water wave environment, the output of the MC-TENG is regularized and keeps stable regardless of any wave conditions. Moreover, the potential applications of the MC-TENG are demonstrated in powering environmental temperature, humidity, and wind speed sensors. This work renders a simple approach to achieve effective regularized ocean wave energy harvesting, promoting the TENG industrialization toward practical application of maritime IoTs.

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Acknowledgements

The research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Project from Minister of Science and Technology (Nos. 2021YFA1201604 and 2021YFA1201601), Bei**g Nova Program (No. 20220484036), Innovation Project of Ocean Science and Technology (No. 22-3-3-hygg-18-hy), and Youth Innovation Promotion Association, CAS.

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Author notes

  1. Hongbo Yang and ** Liang contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, **hua, 321004, China

    Hongbo Yang & Junwu Kan

  2. Bei**g Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Center for High-Entropy Energy and Systems, Bei**g Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei**g, 101400, China

    Hongbo Yang, ** Liang, Zhong Lin Wang, Tao Jiang & Zhanyong Hong

  3. The Bei**g Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Bei**g, 100048, China

    ** Liang

  4. Guangzhou Institute of Blue Energy, Guangzhou, 510555, China

    Zhong Lin Wang, Tao Jiang & Zhanyong Hong

  5. Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA

    Zhong Lin Wang

  6. Yonsei Frontier Lab, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea

    Zhong Lin Wang

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  1. Hongbo Yang
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  2. ** Liang
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Correspondence to Zhong Lin Wang, Tao Jiang or Zhanyong Hong.

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Yang, H., Liang, X., Kan, J. et al. Triboelectric nanogenerator integrated with a simple controlled switch for regularized water wave energy harvesting. Nano Res. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-024-6679-1

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