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Sodium Homeostasis and Hypertension

  • Ischemic Heart Disease (D Mukherjee, Section Editor)
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

This review aims to summarize and discuss the relationship between sodium homeostasis and hypertension, including emerging concepts of factors outside cardiovascular and renal systems influencing sodium homeostasis and hypertension.

Recent Findings

Recent studies support the dose–response association between higher sodium and lower potassium intakes and a higher cardiovascular risk in addition to the dose–response relationship between sodium restriction and blood pressure lowering. The growing body of evidence suggests the role of genetic determinants, immune system, and gut microbiota in sodium homeostasis and hypertension.

Summary

Although higher sodium and lower potassium intakes increase cardiovascular risk, salt restriction is beneficial only to a certain limit. The immune system contributes to hypertension through pro-inflammatory effects. Sodium can affect the gut microbiome and induce pro-inflammatory and immune responses that contribute to salt-sensitive hypertension.

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Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, 5001 El Paso Dr, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA

    KoKo Aung, Mariela Lane, Idris Akinlusi, Ted Shi & Thwe Htay

  2. Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA

    Sarah Ream-Winnick

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Aung, K., Ream-Winnick, S., Lane, M. et al. Sodium Homeostasis and Hypertension. Curr Cardiol Rep 25, 1123–1129 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-023-01931-5

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