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Exploring Microplastic Distribution in Agricultural Soils and Health Risk Evaluation

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Abstract

Microplastic pollution in soil poses a growing environmental threat with far-reaching implications for ecosystems and human health. This study systematically investigated the distribution of microplastics (MPs) across various soil depths in diverse mulched agricultural fields. Soil samples were meticulously collected at three depths (0–5, 5–10, and 10–15 cm) from five distinct agricultural regions in Bangladesh. The analysis of MPs was conducted using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and a fluorescent microscope. Notably, the results unveiled no discernible depth-related trends in MP concentration, displaying ranges of 0.13 ± 0.35 to 3.53 ± 1.77; 0 to 5.53 ± 2.36; and 0 to 4.07 ± 2.28 MPs/g of soil in 0–5 cm, 5–10 cm, and 10–15 cm, respectively. The soil exhibited a spectrum of microplastic types, including High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Polypropylene (PP), Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE), Poly Vinyl chloride (PVC), Poly Vinyl Alcohol (PVA), Poly vinyl fluoride (PVF), and Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), ranging from 0.04 ± 0.21–3.71 ± 2.36 MPs/g of soil. Particularly, the industrial agricultural area displayed the highest microplastic concentration (12.89/g of soil). Further, Principal Component Analysis identified plastic mulch and organic manure as potential sources. Despite the presence of microplastic, the estimated concentrations indicated low risks to the farming community in Bangladesh. This research provides valuable insights into microplastic distribution in agricultural soils, enhancing our understanding of this form of pollution.

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The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions.

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Acknowledgements

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Funding

This study was partially supported by the Special Funds for Innovative Area Research (No.20120015, FY 2008–FY2012) and Basic Research (B) (No. 24310005, FY2012–FY2014; No.18H03384, FY2017–FY2020; No.22H03747, FY2022–FY2024) of Grant–in–Aid for Scientific Research of Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT).

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  1. Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo–Okubo, Sakura–ku, Saitama, 338–8570, Japan

    Sumaya Sharmin, Qingyue Wang, Md. Rezwanul Islam, Weiqian Wang & Christian Ebere Enyoh

  2. Department of Agricultural Extension, Khamarbari, Dhaka, 1215, Bangladesh

    Sumaya Sharmin & Md. Rezwanul Islam

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  1. Sumaya Sharmin
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Sharmin, S., Wang, Q., Islam, M.R. et al. Exploring Microplastic Distribution in Agricultural Soils and Health Risk Evaluation. Water Air Soil Pollut 235, 511 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-024-07304-0

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