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Effect of photobiomodulation therapy on the morphology, intracellular calcium concentration, free radical generation, apoptosis and necrosis of human mesenchymal stem cells—an in vitro study

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Abstract

The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of multiwave locked system (MLS M1) emitting synchronized laser radiation at 2 wavelength simultaneous (λ = 808 nm, λ = 905 nm) on the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Human MSCs were exposed to MLS M1 system laser radiation with the power density 195–318 mW/cm2 and doses of energy 3–20 J, in continuous wave emission (CW) or pulsed emission (PE). After irradiation exposure in doses of energy 3 J, 10 J (CW, ƒ = 1000 Hz), and 20 J (ƒ = 2000 Hz), increased proliferation of MSCs was observed. Significant reduction of Fluo-4 Direct™ Ca2+ indicator fluorescence over controls after CW and PE with 3 J, 10 J, and 20 J was noticed. A decrease in fluorescence intensity after the application of radiation with a frequency of 2000 Hz in doses of 3 J, 10 J, and 20 J was observed. In contrary, an increase in DCF fluorescence intensity after irradiation with laser radiation of 3 J, 10 J, and 20 J (CW, ƒ = 1000 Hz and ƒ = 2000 Hz) was also shown. Laser irradiation at a dose of 20 J, emitted at 1000 Hz and 2000 Hz, and 3 J emitted at a frequency of 2000 Hz caused a statistically significant loss of MSC viability. The applied photobiomodulation therapy induced a strong pro-apoptotic effect dependent on the laser irradiation exposure time, while the application of a sufficiently high-energy dose and frequency with a sufficiently long exposure time significantly increased intracellular calcium ion concentration and free radical production by MSCs.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Prof. Marek Synder for biological material sampling.

Funding

This work was supported by the Medical University of Lodz of the research task, No. 502–03/7–127-02/502–54-152.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92‐213, Lodz, Poland

    Kamila Pasternak-Mnich, Ireneusz Pieszyński & Jolanta Kujawa

  2. Department of General Biophysics, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90‐236, Lodz, Poland

    Aleksandra Szwed-Georgiou & Maria Bryszewska

  3. Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha St., 90‐236, Lodz, Poland

    Aleksandra Szwed-Georgiou

  4. Department of Clinical Genetic, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92‐213, Lodz, Poland

    Barbara Ziemba

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  1. Kamila Pasternak-Mnich
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Contributions

KPM: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, analysis, data curation, writing—original draft preparation, project administration, funding acquisition.

ASG: methodology, investigation, analysis, writing—review and editing, visualization.

BZ: methodology, investigation, analysis, writing—review and editing.

IP: analysis, data curation, writing—review and editing.

MB: conceptualization, methodology, analysis, resources, writing—review and editing, funding acquisition.

JK: conceptualization, methodology, analysis, resources, writing—review and editing, funding acquisition.

All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kamila Pasternak-Mnich.

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This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The Ethics Committee of the Medical University of Lodz, Poland, approved the study (RRN/588/14/KB). Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Pasternak-Mnich, K., Szwed-Georgiou, A., Ziemba, B. et al. Effect of photobiomodulation therapy on the morphology, intracellular calcium concentration, free radical generation, apoptosis and necrosis of human mesenchymal stem cells—an in vitro study. Lasers Med Sci 39, 75 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-024-04008-z

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