SpringerLink
Log in

International Urogynecology Consultation Chapter 1 Committee 5: relationship of pelvic organ prolapse to associated pelvic floor dysfunction symptoms: lower urinary tract, bowel, sexual dysfunction and abdominopelvic pain

  • Special Contribution
  • Published:
International Urogynecology Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Introduction and hypothesis

This article from Chapter 1 of the International Urogynecology Consultation (IUC) on Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) establishes the prevalence of lower urinary tract disorders, bowel symptoms, vulvo-vaginal/lower abdominal/back pain and sexual dysfunction in women with POP.

Methods

An international group of nine urogynecologists/urologists and one medical student performed a search of the literature using pre-specified search terms in Ovid, MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL from January 2000 to March 2019. Publications were eliminated if not relevant or they did not include clear definitions of POP or the symptoms associated with POP. Definitions of POP needed to include both a physical examination finding using a validated examination technique and the complaint of a bothersome vaginal bulge. Symptoms were categorized into symptom groups for ease of evaluation. The Specialist Unit for Review Evidence (SURE) was used to evaluate for quality of the included articles. The resulting list of articles was used to determine the prevalence of various symptoms in women with POP. Cohort studies were used to evaluate for possible causation of POP as either causing or worsening the symptom category.

Results

The original search yielded over 12,000 references, of which 50 were used. More than 50% of women with POP report lower urinary tract symptoms. Cohort studies suggest that women with POP have more obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms than women without POP. Pain described in various ways is frequently reported in women with POP, with low back pain being the most common pain symptom reported in 45% of women with POP. In cohort studies those with POP had more pain complaints than those without POP. Sexual dysfunction is reported by over half of women with POP and obstructed intercourse in 37–100% of women with POP. Approximately 40% of women have complaints of bowel symptoms. There was no difference in the median prevalence of bowel symptoms in those with and without POP in cohort studies.

Conclusions

The prevalence of lower urinary tract disorders, bowel symptoms, vulvo-vaginal/lower abdominal/back pain and sexual dysfunction in women with POP are common but inconsistently reported. There are few data on incidence of associated symptoms with POP, and cohort studies evaluating causality are rare or inconsistent. Obstructive voiding, lower abdominal and pelvic pain, and sexual dysfunction are most frequently associated with POP.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Haylen B, Maher C, Barber M, Camargo S, Dandolu V, Digesu A, et al. Erratum to: an International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for female pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2016;27(4):655–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Haylen B, de Ridder D, Freeman R, Swift S, Berghmans B, Lee J, et al. An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for female pelvic floor dysfunction. Neurourol Urodyn. 2010;29(1):4–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Specialist Unit for Review Evidence (SURE): Cardiff.ac.uk; 2016 [Available from: https://www.cardiff.ac.uk/specialist-unit-for-review-evidence/resources/critical-appraisal-checklists.]

  4. Sayed Ahmed WA, Taha OT, Hamdy MA, Ibrahim ZM, Elshahat AM. Bladder function after sacrospinous hysteropexy and vaginal wall repair in women with uterovaginal prolapse. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2018;224:170–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Roovers JP, van Laar JO, Loffeld C, Bremer GL, Mol BW, Bongers MY. Does urodynamic investigation improve outcome in patients undergoing prolapse surgery? Neurourol Urodyn. 2007;26(2):170–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Paparella P, Ercoli A, Groutz A, Falconi G, Marturano M, Paparella R, et al. Clinical and urodynamic effects of anterior colporraphy and approximation of pubococcygeus muscles in patients with severe cystocele. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2005;271(3):195–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Panicker R, Srinivas S. Urodynamic changes in pelvic organ prolapse and the role of surgery. Medical Journal Armed Forces India. 2009;65(3):221–4.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Serati M, Salvatore S, Siesto G, Cattoni E, Braga A, Sorice P, et al. Urinary symptoms and urodynamic findings in women with pelvic organ prolapse: is there a correlation? Results of an artificial neural network analysis. Eur Urol. 2011;60(2):253–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Schimpf MO, O'Sullivan DM, LaSala CA, Tulikangas PK. Anterior vaginal wall prolapse and voiding dysfunction in urogynecology patients. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2007;18(7):721–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Schiavi M, Perniola G, Di Donato V, Visentin V, Vena F, Di Pinto A, et al. Severe pelvic organ prolapse treated by vaginal native tissue repair: long-term analysis of outcomes in 146 patients. Archives of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 2017;295(4):917–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Ortega I, Subramaniam N, Friedman T, Turel F, Dietz HP. Digitation to void: what is the significance of this symptom? Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery. 2018;24(5):356–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Yalcin OT, Yildirim A, Hassa H. The effects of severe cystocele on urogynecologic symptoms and findings. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2001;80(5):423–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Long CY, Hsu SC, Wu TP, Sun DJ, Su JH, Tsai EM. Urodynamic comparison of continent and incontinent women with severe uterovaginal prolapse. J Reprod Med. 2004;49(1):33–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Lo TS, Shailaja N, Hsieh WC, Uy-Patrimonio MC, Yusoff FM, Ibrahim R. Predictors of voiding dysfunction following extensive vaginal pelvic reconstructive surgery. Int Urogynecol J. 2017;28(4):575–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Nguyen JN, Yazdany T, Burchette RJ. Urodynamic evaluation of urethral competency in women with posterior vaginal support defects. Urology. 2007;69(1):87–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Kanasaki H, Oride A, Mitsuo T, Miyazaki K. Occurrence of pre- and postoperative stress urinary incontinence in 105 patients who underwent tension-free vaginal mesh surgery for pelvic organ prolapse: A retrospective study. ISRN Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2014;2014:643495.

  17. Majkusiak W, Horosz E, Tomasik P, Zwierzchowska A, Wielgos M, Barcz E. Quality of life assessment in women after cervicosacropexy with polypropylene mesh for pelvic organ prolapse: a preliminary study. Przeglad Menopauzalny. 2015;14(2):126–9.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Madhuvrata P, Glazener C, Boachie C, Allahdin S, Bain C. A randomised controlled trial evaluating the use of polyglactin (Vicryl) mesh, polydioxanone (PDS) or polyglactin (Vicryl) sutures for pelvic organ prolapse surgery: outcomes at 2 years. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2011;31(5):429–35.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Lukacz ES, DuHamel E, Menefee SA, Luber KM. Elevated postvoid residual in women with pelvic floor disorders: prevalence and associated risk factors. Int Urogynecol J. 2007;18(4):397–400.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Lowder JL, Frankman EA, Ghetti C, Burrows LJ, Krohn MA, Moalli P, et al. Lower urinary tract symptoms in women with pelvic organ prolapse. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2010;21(6):665–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Espuna-Pons M, Fillol M, Pascual MA, Rebollo P, Mora AM. Pelvic floor symptoms and severity of pelvic organ prolapse in women seeking care for pelvic floor problems. European Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 2014;177:141–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Ennemoser S, Schonfeld M, von Bodungen V, Dian D, Friese K, Jundt K. Clinical relevance of occult stress urinary incontinence (OSUI) following vaginal prolapse surgery: long-term follow-up. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2012;23(7):851–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Illiano E, Natale F, Giannantoni A, Gubbiotti M, Balzarro M, Costantini E. Urodynamic findings and functional outcomes after laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy for symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse. European urology supplements : official journal of the European Association of Urology. 2019;18(9):e3175–6.

  24. Huang KH, Chuang FC, Fu HC, Kung FT. Polypropylene mesh as an alternative option for uterine preservation in pelvic reconstruction in patients with uterine prolapse. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2012;38(1):97–101.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Vecchioli-Scaldazza C, Morosetti C, Ferrara V. The degree of satisfaction of women undergoing surgical repair of prolapse, compared with clinical and urodynamic findings. Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia. 2016;88(1):23–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. McLean R, Kipling M, Musgrave E, Mercer-Jones M. Short- and long-term clinical and patient-reported outcomes following laparoscopic ventral mesh rectopexy using biological mesh for pelvic organ prolapse: a prospective cohort study of 224 consecutive patients. Color Dis. 2018;20(5):424–36.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. van der Ploeg JM, Oude Rengerink K, van der Steen A, van Leeuwen JH, van der Vaart CH, Roovers JP, et al. Vaginal prolapse repair with or without a midurethral sling in women with genital prolapse and occult stress urinary incontinence: a randomized trial. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2016;27(7):1029–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. van der Ploeg JM, Zwolsman SE, Posthuma S, Wiarda HS, van der Vaart CH, Roovers JPWR. The predictive value of demonstrable stress incontinence during basic office evaluation and urodynamics in women without symptomatic urinary incontinence undergoing vaginal prolapse surgery. Neurourol Urodyn. 2018;37(3):1011–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Foster RT, Sr., Barber MD, Parasio MF, Walters MD, Weidner AC, Amundsen CL. A prospective assessment of overactive bladder symptoms in a cohort of elderly women who underwent transvaginal surgery for advanced pelvic organ prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007;197(1):82.e1–4.

  30. Fletcher SG, Haverkorn RM, Yan J, Lee JJ, Zimmern PE, Lemack GE. Demographic and urodynamic factors associated with persistent OAB after anterior compartment prolapse repair. Neurourol Urodyn. 2010;29(8):1414–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Toz E, Kurt S, Sahin C, Canda MT. Frequency of recurrent urinary tract infection in patients with pelvic organ prolapse. Research and Reports in Urology. 2015;7:9–12.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Tomoe H. Improvement of overactive bladder symptoms after tension-free vaginal mesh operation in women with pelvic organ prolapse: correlation with preoperative urodynamic findings. Int J Urol. 2015;22(6):577–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Ballert KN, Biggs GY, Isenalumhe A Jr, Rosenblum N, Nitti VW. Managing the urethra at transvaginal pelvic organ prolapse repair: a urodynamic approach. J Urol. 2009;181(2):679–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Bai SW, Jeon MJ, Kim JY, Chung KA, Kim SK, Park KH. Relationship between stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2002;13(4):256–60 discussion 60.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Baessler K, Stanton SL. Sacrocolpopexy for vault prolapse and rectocele: do concomitant Burch colposuspension and perineal mesh detachment affect the outcome? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005;192(4):1067–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Bacle J, Papatsoris AG, Bigot P, Azzouzi AR, Brychaet PE, Piussan J, et al. Laparoscopic promontofixation for pelvic organ prolapse: a 10-year single center experience in a series of 501 patients. Int J Urol. 2011;18(12):821–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Thornton MJ, Lam A, King DW. Bowel, bladder and sexual function in women undergoing laparoscopic posterior compartment repair in the presence of apical or anterior compartment dysfunction. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2005;45(3):195–200.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Brubaker L, Cundiff GW, Fine P, Nygaard I, Richter HE, Visco AG, et al. Abdominal sacrocolpopexy with burch colposuspension to reduce urinary stress incontinence. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(15):1557–66.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Araki I, Haneda Y, Mikami Y, Takeda M. Incontinence and detrusor dysfunction associated with pelvic organ prolapse: clinical value of preoperative urodynamic evaluation. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2009;20(11):1301–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Antovska V. Effectiveness of an original vaginal placation of the uterosacral ligaments as vault prolapse prevention. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences. 2012;42(6):1129–41.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Amundsen CL, Flynn BJ, Webster GD. Anatomical correction of vaginal vault prolapse by uterosacral ligament fixation in women who also require a pubovaginal sling. J Urol. 2003;169(5):1770–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Wong KS, Mei JY, Wieslander CK, Tarnay CM. The relationship of anterior vaginal and apical position to Postvoid residual urine. Female pelvic med. 2017;23(5):310–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Slieker-ten Hove MC, Pool-Goudzwaard AL, Eijkemans MJ, Steegers-Theunissen RP, Burger CW, Vierhout ME. The prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse symptoms and signs and their relation with bladder and bowel disorders in a general female population. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2009;20(9):1037–45.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  44. Ugianskiene A, Kjaergaard N, Larsen T, Glavind K. What happens to urinary incontinence after pelvic organ prolapse surgery? Int Urogynecol J. 2019;30:1147–52.

  45. Shkarupa D, Kubin N, Pisarev A, Zaytseva A, Shapovalova E. The hybrid technique of pelvic organ prolapse treatment: apical sling and subfascial colporrhaphy. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2017;28(9):1407–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Adjoussou SA, Bohoussou E, Bastide S, Letouzey V, Fatton B, de Tayrac R. Functional symptoms and associations of women with genital prolapse. [French]. Progres en urologie : journal de l'Association francaise d'urologie et de la Societe francaise d'urologie. 2014;24(8):511–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Kdous M, Zhioua F. 3-year results of transvaginal cystocele repair with transobturator four-arm mesh: a prospective study of 105 patients. Arab Journal of Urology. 2014;12(4):275–84.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  48. Kapoor DS, Thakar R, Sultan AH, Oliver R. Conservative versus surgical management of prolapse: what dictates patient choice? Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2009;20(10):1157–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Jelovsek JE, Barber MD, Paraiso MF, Walters MD. Functional bowel and anorectal disorders in patients with pelvic organ prolapse and incontinence. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005;193(6):2105–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Milani R, Salvatore S, Soligo M, Pifarotti P, Meschia M, Cortese M. Functional and anatomical outcome of anterior and posterior vaginal prolapse repair with prolene mesh. Bjog. 2005;112(1):107–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Jacquetin B, Fatton B, Rosenthal C, Clave H, Debodinance P, Hinoul P, et al. Total transvaginal mesh (TVM) technique for treatment of pelvic organ prolapse: a 3-year prospective follow-up study. Int Urogynecol J. 2010;21(12):1455–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Hugele F, Panel L, Farache C, Kashef A, Cornille A, Courtieu C. Two years follow up of 270 patients treated by transvaginal mesh for anterior and/or apical prolapse. European Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 2017;208:16–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Gutman RE, Bradley CS, Ye W, Markland AD, Whitehead WE, Fitzgerald MP. Effects of colpocleisis on bowel symptoms among women with severe pelvic organ prolapse. Int Urogynecol J. 2010;21(4):461–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Gustilo-Ashby AM, Paraiso MF, Jelovsek JE, Walters MD, Barber MD. Bowel symptoms 1 year after surgery for prolapse: further analysis of a randomized trial of rectocele repair. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007;197(1):76.e1–5.

  55. Groenendijk AG, van der Hulst VP, Birnie E, Bonsel GJ. Correlation between posterior vaginal wall defects assessed by clinical examination and by defecography. Int Urogynecol J. 2008;19(9):1291–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Swift SE, Tate SB, Nicholas J. Correlation of symptoms with degree of pelvic organ support in a general population of women: what is pelvic organ prolapse? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;189(2):372–7 discussion 7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Glazener C, Breeman S, Elders A, Hemming C, Cooper K, Freeman R, et al. Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of surgical options for the management of anterior and/or posterior vaginal wall prolapse: Two randomised controlled trials within a comprehensive cohort study - results from the PROSPECT Study. Health Technology Assessment. 2016;20(95):1-452.

  58. Lamblin G, Van-Nieuwenhuyse A, Chabert P, Lebail-Carval K, Moret S, Mellier G. A randomized controlled trial comparing anatomical and functional outcome between vaginal colposuspension and transvaginal mesh. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2014;25(7):961–70.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Sung VW, Wohlrab KJ, Madsen A, Raker C. Patient-reported goal attainment and comprehensive functioning outcomes after surgery compared with pessary for pelvic organ prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;215(5):659.e1–7.

  60. Fritel X, Varnoux N, Zins M, Breart G, Ringa V. Symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse at midlife, quality of life, and risk factors. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;113(3):609–16.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  61. Dooley YT, West K, Kenton K, Fitzgerald MP, Brubaker L. Bowel symptoms and POP-Q stage are poorly correlated. Journal of Pelvic Medicine and Surgery. 2006;12(5):263–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Dietz V, Huisman M, de Jong JM, Heintz PM, van der Vaart CH. Functional outcome after sacrospinous hysteropexy for uterine descensus. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2008;19(6):747–52.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  63. Hinoul P, Ombelet WU, Burger MP, Roovers JP. A prospective study to evaluate the anatomic and functional outcome of a Transobturator mesh kit (Prolift anterior) for symptomatic cystocele repair. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2008;15(5):615–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Cooper JC, Bondili A, Deguara C, Siraj N. Vaginal repair with polypropylene mesh compared to traditional colporrhaphy for pelvic organ prolapse: medium-term follow-up. J Gynecol Surg. 2013;29(1):1–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Bradshaw HD, Hiller L, Farkas AG, Radley S, Radley SC. Development and psychometric testing of a symptom index for pelvic organ prolapse. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2006;26(3):241–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Bradley CS, Zimmerman MB, Wang Q, Nygaard IE. Vaginal descent and pelvic floor symptoms in postmenopausal women: a longitudinal study. Obstet Gynecol. 2008;111(5):1148–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Bradley CS, Nygaard IE. Vaginal wall descensus and pelvic floor symptoms in older women. Obstet Gynecol. 2005;106(4):759–66.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Bondili A, Deguara C, Cooper J. Medium-term effects of a monofilament polypropylene mesh for pelvic organ prolapse and sexual function symptoms. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2012;32(3):285–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Balsak D, Uysal A, Cavus Y, Ince Z, Acar Z, Gungor A, et al. Treatment of vaginal cuff prolapses with posterior intravaginal sling and evaluation of efficiency with international consultation on incontinence questionnaire-vaginal symptoms method in the long term: preliminary results. LUTS: Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. 2013;5(3):140–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Awwad J, Sayegh R, Yeretzian J, Deeb ME. Prevalence, risk factors, and predictors of pelvic organ prolapse: a community-based study. Menopause. 2012;19(11):1235–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Asfaw TS, Saks EK, Northington GM, Arya LA. Is pelvic pain associated with defecatory symptoms in women with pelvic organ prolapse? Neurourol Urodyn. 2011;30(7):1305–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  72. Abramov Y, Gandhi S, Goldberg RP, Botros SM, Kwon C, Sand PK. Site-specific rectocele repair compared with standard posterior colporrhaphy. Obstet Gynecol. 2005;105(2):314–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Abbott PD, McDonald TM. Polyethylene Terephlatate grafts for repair of Enteroceles and rectoceles. Journal of Pelvic Medicine and Surgery. 2004;10(1):27–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Rosati M, Bracale U, Bramante S, Pignata G, Azioni G. Efficacy of laparoscopic sacrocervicopexy for apical support of pelvic organ prolapse. Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons. 2013;17(2):235–44.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  75. Milani AL, Hinoul P, Gauld JM, Sikirica V, Van Drie D, Cosson M. Trocar-guided mesh repair of vaginal prolapse using partially absorbable mesh: 1 year outcomes. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2011;204(1):74.e1–8.

  76. Miedel A, Tegerstedt G, Maehle-Schmidt M, Nyren O, Hammarstrom M. Symptoms and pelvic support defects in specific compartments. Obstet Gynecol. 2008;112(4):851–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Reddy J, Barber MD, Walters MD, Paraiso MF, Jelovsek JE. Lower abdominal and pelvic pain with advanced pelvic organ prolapse: a case-control study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011;204(6):537.e1–5.

  78. Salamon CG, Lewis CM, Priestley J, Culligan PJ. Sexual function before and 1 year after laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy. Female pelvic med. 2014;20(1):44–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Roovers JP, van der Bom A, van Leeuwen JS, Scholten P, Heintz P, van der Vaart H. Effects of genital prolapse surgery on sexuality. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2006;27(1):43–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Rechberger T, Futyma K, Bartuzi A. Total Prolift system surgery for treatment posthysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse--do we treat both anatomy and function? Ginekol Pol. 2008;79(12):835–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Rahkola-Soisalo P, Altman D, Falconer C, Morcos E, Rudnicki M, Mikkola TS. Quality of life after UpholdTM vaginal support system surgery for apical pelvic organ prolapse-a prospective multicenter study. European Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 2017;208:86–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. Paraiso MFR, Barber MD, Muir TW, Walters MD. Rectocele repair: a randomized trial of three surgical techniques including graft augmentation. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;195(6):1762–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Stoutjesdijk JA, Vierhout ME, Spruijt JWM, Massolt ET. Does vaginal reconstructive surgery with or without vaginal hysterectomy or trachelectomy improve sexual well being? A prospective follow-up study. Int Urogynecol J. 2006;17(2):131–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Mouritsen L, Larsen JP. Symptoms, bother and POPQ in women referred with pelvic organ prolapse. Int Urogynecol J. 2003;14(2):122–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Moore RD, Beyer RD, Jacoby K, Freedman SJ, McCammon KA, Gambla MT. Prospective multicenter trial assessing type I, polypropylene mesh placed via transobturator route for the treatment of anterior vaginal prolapse with 2-year follow-up. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2010;21(5):545–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. Milani R, Frigerio M, Cola A, Beretta C, Spelzini F, Manodoro S. Outcomes of transvaginal high uterosacral ligaments suspension: over 500-patient single-center study. Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery. 2018;24(3):203–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Weber AM, Walters MD, Piedmonte MR. Sexual function and vaginal anatomy in women before and after surgery for pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000;182(6):1610–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Vollebregt A, Fischer K, Gietelink D, Van Der Vaart CH. Primary surgical repair of anterior vaginal prolapse: a randomised trial comparing anatomical and functional outcome between anterior colporrhaphy and trocar-guided transobturator anterior mesh. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2011;118(12):1518–27.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. van Zanten F, Brem C, Lenters E, Broeders IAMJ, Schraffordt Koops SE. Sexual function after robot-assisted prolapse surgery: a prospective study. Int Urogynecol J. 2018;29(6):905–12.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  90. Thibault F, Wagner L, Rouvellat P, Seni G, Brouziyne M, de Tayrac R, et al. Sexual function before surgery for pelvic organ prolapse. Prog Urol. 2012;22(11):665–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Shen T, Song LJ, Xu YM, Gu BJ, Lu LH, Li F. Sexual function and health-related quality of life following anterior vaginal wall surgery for stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. Int J Impot Res. 2011;23(4):151–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Seracchioli R, Raimondo D, Arena A, Gava G, Parmeggiani C, Martelli V, et al. Laparoscopic mesh-less Cervicosacropexy for Uterovaginal prolapse. Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery. 2018;24(6):399–403.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Sentilhes L, Berthier A, Sergent F, Verspyck E, Descamps P, Marpeau L. Sexual function in women before and after transvaginal mesh repair for pelvic organ prolapse. Int Urogynecol J. 2008;19(6):763–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. Nieminen K, Hiltunen R, Heiskanen E, Takala T, Niemi K, Merikari M, et al. Symptom resolution and sexual function after anterior vaginal wall repair with or without polypropylene mesh. Int Urogynecol J. 2008;19(12):1611–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. Schiavi MC, Savone D, Di Mascio D, Di Tucci C, Perniola G, Zullo MA, et al. Long-term experience of vaginal vault prolapse prevention at hysterectomy time by modified McCall culdoplasty or Shull suspension: clinical, sexual and quality of life assessment after surgical intervention. European Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 2018;223:113–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. Sayer T, Lim J, Gauld JM, Hinoul P, Jones P, Franco N, et al. Medium-term clinical outcomes following surgical repair for vaginal prolapse with tension-free mesh and vaginal support device. Int Urogynecol J. 2012;23(4):487–93.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Qatawneh A. Vaginal hysterectomy and sacrospinous colpopexy for uterovaginal prolapse: anatomical and functional outcomes. Jordan Medical Journal. 2013;47(4):331–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. Liang S, Zhu L, Song X, Xu T, Sun Z, Lang J. Long-term outcomes of modified laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy for advanced pelvic organ prolapse: a 3-year prospective study. Menopause. 2016;23(7):765–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Kose O, Saglam HS, Kumsar S, Budak S, Adsan O. A novel technique for anterior vaginal wall prolapse repair: Anterior vaginal wall darn. The Scientific World Journal. 2013;2013:1–5.

  100. de Tayrac R, Deffieux X, Gervaise A, Chauveaud-Lambling A, Fernandez H. Long-term anatomical and functional assessment of trans-vaginal cystocele repair using a tension-free polypropylene mesh. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2006;17(5):483–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. de Tayrac R, Devoldere G, Renaudie J, Villard P, Guilbaud O, Eglin G, et al. Prolapse repair by vaginal route using a new protected low-weight polypropylene mesh: 1-year functional and anatomical outcome in a prospective multicentre study. Int Urogynecol J. 2007;18(3):251–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. Altman D, Lopez A, Gustafsson C, Falconer C, Nordenstam J, Zetterstrom J. Anatomical outcome and quality of life following posterior vaginal wall prolapse repair using collagen xenograft. Int Urogynecol J. 2005;16(4):298–303.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  103. Alperin M, Ellison R, Meyn L, Frankman E, Zyczynski HM. Two-year outcomes after vaginal prolapse reconstruction with mesh pelvic floor repair system. Female pelvic med. 2013;19(2):72–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  104. Christmann-Schmid C, Koerting I, Ruess E, Faehnle I, Krebs J. Functional outcome after laparoscopic nerve-sparing sacrocolpopexy: a prospective cohort study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2018;97(6):744–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Chaturvedi S, Bansal R, Ranjan P, Ansari MS, Kapoor D, Kapoor R. Trans-vaginal total pelvic floor repair using customized prolene mesh: a safe and cost-effective approach for high-grade pelvic organ prolapse. Indian Journal of Urology. 2012;28(1):21–7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  106. Chan CMY, Liang HHX, Go WW, To WWK, Mok KM. Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy for uterine and posthysterectomy prolapse: anatomical and functional outcomes. Hong Kong Medical Journal. 2011;17(4):301–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Oversand SH, Staff AC, Borstad E, Svenningsen R. The Manchester procedure: anatomical, subjective and sexual outcomes. Int Urogynecol J. 2018;29(8):1193–201.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Natalia S, Menahem N, Haim K, Dmitri P. The "pelvic harness": a skeletonized mesh implant for safe pelvic floor reconstruction. Int Braz J Urol. 2016;42(3):507–13.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  109. Milani AL, Heidema WM, van der Vloedt WS, Kluivers KB, Withagen MI, Vierhout ME. Vaginal prolapse repair surgery augmented by ultra lightweight titanium coated polypropylene mesh. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2008;138(2):232–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Altman D, Elmér C, Kiilholma P, Kinne I, Tegerstedt G, Falconer C. Sexual dysfunction after trocar-guided transvaginal mesh repair of pelvic organ prolapse. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;113(1):127–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Azais H, Charles CJ, Delporte P, Debodinance P. Prolapse repair using the ElevateTM kit: prospective study on 70 patients. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2012;23(10):1421–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Barber MD, Visco AG, Wyman JF, Fantl JA, Bump RC. Continence program for women research G. sexual function in women with urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. Obstet Gynecol. 2002;99(2):281–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Buca DI, Leombroni M, Falo E, Bruno M, Santarelli A, Frondaroli F, et al. A 2-year evaluation of quality of life outcomes of patients with pelvic organ prolapse treated with an elevate prolapse repair system. Female pelvic med. 2016;22(6):410–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  114. Capobianco G, Donolo E, Wenger JM, Madonia M, Cosmi E, Antimi L, et al. Efficacy and 9 years' follow-up of posterior intravaginal slingplasty for genital prolapse. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2014;40(1):219–23.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. de Tayrac R, Brouziyne M, Priou G, Devoldere G, Marie G, Renaudie J. Transvaginal repair of stage III-IV cystocele using a lightweight mesh: safety and 36-month outcome. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2015;26(8):1147–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  116. De Tayrac R, Cornille A, Eglin G, Guilbaud O, Mansoor A, Alonso S, et al. Comparison between trans-obturator trans-vaginal mesh and traditional anterior colporrhaphy in the treatment of anterior vaginal wall prolapse: results of a French RCT. Int Urogynecol J. 2013;24(10):1651–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Eftekhar T, Sohrabi M, Haghollahi F, Shariat M, Miri E. Comparison effect of physiotherapy with surgery on sexual function in patients with pelvic floor disorder: a randomized clinical trial. Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine. 2014;12(1):7–14.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  118. El Haddad R, Svabik K, Masata J, Koleska T, Hubka P, Martan A. Women's quality of life and sexual function after transvaginal anterior repair with mesh insertion. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2013;167(1):110–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Farthmann J, Mengel M, Henne B, Grebe M, Watermann D, Kaufhold J, et al. Improvement of pelvic floor-related quality of life and sexual function after vaginal mesh implantation for cystocele: primary endpoint of a prospective multicentre trial. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2016;294(1):115–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Glazener CM, Breeman S, Elders A, Hemming C, Cooper KG, Freeman RM, et al. Mesh, graft, or standard repair for women having primary transvaginal anterior or posterior compartment prolapse surgery: two parallel-group, multicentre, randomised, controlled trials (PROSPECT). Lancet. 2017;389(10067):381–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Gupta P, Payne J, Killinger KA, Ehlert M, Bartley J, Gilleran J, et al. Analysis of changes in sexual function in women undergoing pelvic organ prolapse repair with abdominal or vaginal approaches. Int Urogynecol J. 2016;27(12):1919–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. Handa VL, Zyczynski HM, Brubaker L, Nygaard I, Janz NK, Richter HE, et al. Sexual function before and after sacrocolpopexy for pelvic organ prolapse. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2007;197(6):629.e1–6.

  123. Jha S, Gopinath D. Prolapse or incontinence: what affects sexual function the most? Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2016;27(4):607–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  124. Kokanali MK, Cavkaytar S, Aksakal O, Doganay M. McCall Culdoplasty vs. Sacrospinous ligament fixation after vaginal hysterectomy: comparison of postoperative vaginal length and sexual function in postmenopausal women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2015;194:218–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Lukacz ES, Warren LK, Richter HE, Brubaker L, Barber MD, Norton P, et al. Quality of life and sexual function 2 years after vaginal surgery for prolapse. Obstet Gynecol. 2016;127(6):1071–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  126. Milani AL, Damoiseaux A, IntHout J, Kluivers KB, Withagen MIJ. Long-term outcome of vaginal mesh or native tissue in recurrent prolapse: a randomized controlled trial. Int Urogynecol J. 2018;29(6):847–58.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  127. Saks EK, Harvie HS, Asfaw TS, Arya LA. Clinical significance of obstructive defecatory symptoms in women with pelvic organ prolapse. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2010;111(3):237–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  128. Kaser DJ, Kinsler EL, Mackenzie TA, Hanissian P, Strohbehn K, Whiteside JL. Anatomic and functional outcomes of sacrocolpopexy with or without posterior colporrhaphy. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2012;23(9):1215–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  129. Jean F, Tanneau Y, Le Blanc-Louvry I, Leroi AM, Denis P, Michot F. Treatment of enterocele by abdominal colporectosacropexy - efficacy on pelvic pressure. Color Dis. 2002;4(5):321–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  130. Humalajarvi N, Aukee P, Kairaluoma MV, Stach-Lempinen B, Sintonen H, Valpas A, et al. Quality of life and pelvic floor dysfunction symptoms after hysterectomy with or without pelvic organ prolapse. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2014;182:16–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  131. Henn EW, Cronje HS. Rectocele plication: description of a novel surgical technique and review of clinical results. Int Urogynecol J. 2018;29(11):1655–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  132. Guzman Rojas R, Kamisan Atan I, Shek KL, Dietz HP. The prevalence of abnormal posterior compartment anatomy and its association with obstructed defecation symptoms in urogynecological patients. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2016;27(6):939–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  133. Groenendijk AG, Birnie E, Boeckxstaens GE, Roovers JP, Bonsel GJ. Anorectal function testing and anal endosonography in the diagnostic work-up of patients with primary pelvic organ prolapse. Gynecol Obstet Investig. 2009;67(3):187–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  134. Grimes CL, Tan-Kim J, Nager CW, Dyer KY, Menefee SA, Diwadkar GB, et al. Outcome measures to assess anatomy and function of the posterior vaginal compartment. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2014;25(7):893–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Fialkow MF, Gardella C, Melville J, Lentz GM, Fenner DE. Posterior vaginal wall defects and their relation to measures of pelvic floor neuromuscular function and posterior compartment symptoms. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;187(6):1443–8 discussion 8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  136. Ellerkmann RM, Cundiff GW, Melick CF, Nihira MA, Leffler K, Bent AE. Correlation of symptoms with location and severity of pelvic organ prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2001;185(6):1332–7 discussion 7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  137. Elenskaia K, Thakar R, Sultan AH, Scheer I, Onwude J. Pelvic organ support, symptoms and quality of life during pregnancy: a prospective study. Int Urogynecol J. 2013;24(7):1085–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  138. Handa VL, Munoz A, Blomquist JL. Temporal relationship between posterior vaginal prolapse and defecatory symptoms. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2067;216(4):390.e1–6.

  139. Cronje HS, de Beer JA. Culdocele repair in female pelvic organ prolapse. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2008;100(3):262–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  140. Collins SA, O'Sullivan DM, Lasala CA. Correlation of POP-Q posterior compartment measures with defecatory dysfunction. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2012;23(6):743–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  141. Cole EE, Kaufman MR, Scarpero HM, Dmochowski RR. The effects of isolated posterior compartment defects on lower urinary tract symptoms and urodynamic findings. BJU Int. 2006;97(5):1024–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  142. Claerhout F, De Ridder D, Roovers JP, Rommens H, Spelzini F, Vandenbroucke V, et al. Medium-term anatomic and functional results of laparoscopic Sacrocolpopexy beyond the learning curve. Eur Urol. 2009;55(6):1459–68.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  143. Chang TC, Chang SR, Hsiao SM, Hsiao CF, Chen CH, Lin HH. Factors associated with fecal incontinence in women with lower urinary tract symptoms. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2013;39(1):250–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  144. Chan SS, Cheung RY, Yiu KW, Lee LL, Pang AW, Chung TK. Symptoms, quality of life, and factors affecting women's treatment decisions regarding pelvic organ prolapse. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2012;23(8):1027–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  145. Augusto KL, Bezerra L, Murad-Regadas SM, Vasconcelos Neto JA, Vasconcelos CTM, Karbage SAL, et al. Defecatory dysfunction and fecal incontinence in women with or without posterior vaginal wall prolapse as measured by pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP-Q). Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2017;214:50–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  146. Arya LA, Novi JM, Shaunik A, Morgan MA, Bradley CS. Pelvic organ prolapse, constipation, and dietary fiber intake in women: a case-control study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005;192(5):1687–91.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  147. Dua A, Radley S, Brown S, Jha S, Jones G. The effect of posterior colporrhaphy on anorectal function. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2012;23(6):749–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  148. Braekken IH, Majida M, Ellstrom Engh M, Holme IM, Bo K. Pelvic floor function is independently associated with pelvic organ prolapse. Bjog. 2009;116(13):1706–14.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  149. Bradley CS, Brown MB, Cundiff GW, Goode PS, Kenton KS, Nygaard IE, et al. Bowel symptoms in women planning surgery for pelvic organ prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;195(6):1814–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  150. Tan JS, Lukacz ES, Menefee SA, Powell CR, Nager CW, Albo ME, et al. Predictive value of prolapse symptoms: a large database study. Int Urogynecol J. 2005;16(3):203–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  151. Sung VW, Rardin CR, Raker CA, LaSala CA, Myers DL. Changes in bowel symptoms 1 year after rectocele repair. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012;207(5):423–5.

  152. Vasconcelos Neto JA, Vasconcelos CTM, Regadas SMM, Bezerra L, Lustosa KA, Karbage SAL. Clinical impact of bowel symptoms in women with pelvic floor disorders. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2017;28(9):1415–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  153. Morgan DM, DeLancey JO, Guire KE, Fenner DE. Symptoms of anal incontinence and difficult defecation among women with prolapse and a matched control cohort. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007;197(5):509–11.

Download references

Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the contribution of Ms. Amanda Ross-White, Clinical Outreach Services Librarian at the Bracken Health Sciences Library, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Queen’s University, Victory 4, Kingston Health Science Centre, 76 Stuart St, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 2V7, Canada

    Marie-Andrée Harvey & Hui Ju Chih

  2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

    Roxana Geoffrion

  3. Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Urogynecology and Pelvic Floor Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada

    Baharak Amir

  4. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK

    Alka Bhide

  5. 2nd Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland

    Pawel Miotla

  6. Department of Urology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Peter F. W. M. Rosier

  7. Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, Derriford Hospital Healthcare, NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK

    Ifeoma Offiah

  8. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology College of Medicine & JNM Hospital, WBUHS, Kalyani, India

    Manidip Pal

  9. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Sciences, San Antonio, TX, USA

    Alexandriah Nicole Alas

Authors
  1. Marie-Andrée Harvey
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hui Ju Chih
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Roxana Geoffrion
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Baharak Amir
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Alka Bhide
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Pawel Miotla
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Peter F. W. M. Rosier
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Ifeoma Offiah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Manidip Pal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Alexandriah Nicole Alas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marie-Andrée Harvey.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

M.-A. Harvey: Site investigator for Coloplast.

H. Chih, B. Amir, A. Bhide, M. Pal, I. Offiah, A. alas: Nothing to declare.

R. Geoffrion: Preceptor/Proctor for Boston.

P. Miotla: Speaker for Astellas, Admed, Bionorica, Gedeon Richter. Investigator for Bayer.

P. Rosier: Research and Scientific advisor of Laborie Scientific.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

All authors: Project development, data collection, manuscript writing and editing

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Harvey, MA., Chih, H.J., Geoffrion, R. et al. International Urogynecology Consultation Chapter 1 Committee 5: relationship of pelvic organ prolapse to associated pelvic floor dysfunction symptoms: lower urinary tract, bowel, sexual dysfunction and abdominopelvic pain. Int Urogynecol J 32, 2575–2594 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-021-04941-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-021-04941-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation