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Mechanistic and physiological approaches of fecal microbiota transplantation in the management of NAFLD

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Abstract

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multifaceted disease allied with various metabolic disorders, obesity and dysbiosis. Gut microbiota plays an influential role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and other metabolic disorders. However, recent scientific upsurge emphasizes on the utility of beneficial gut microbiota and bacteriotherapy in the management of NAFLD. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is the contemporary therapeutic approach with state-of-the-art methods for the treatment of NAFLD. Other potential therapies include probiotics and prebiotics supplements which are based on alteration of gut microbes to treat NAFLD. In this review, our major focus is on the pathological association of gut microbiota with progression of NAFLD, historical aspects and recent advances in FMT with possible intervention to combat NAFLD and its associated metabolic dysfunctions.

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Availability of data and materials

Data and material regarding the material reported as self-citation by the authors in this Mini-review is available upon request.

Abbreviations

ACC:

Acetyl Co-A carboxylase

AEs:

Adverse events

BMI:

Body mass index

CDI:

Clostridium difficile infection

CD4:

Cluster of differentiation 4

CRP:

C-reactive protein

DNL:

De novo lipogenesis

FIAF:

Fasting-induced adipose factor

FFA:

Free fatty acid

FMT:

Fecal matter transplantation

IL:

Interleukin

HCC:

Hepatocellular carcinoma

HDL-c:

High density lipoprotein cholesterol

IR:

Insulin resistance

LPL:

Lipopolysaccharide

NAFLD:

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

NASH:

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

NF-kB:

Nuclear factor kappa-B cells

SCFA:

Short chain fatty acid

SREBP:

Sterol regulatory element binding protein

TLR:

Toll-like receptor

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

VLDL:

Very low-density lipoprotein

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the Chitkara University for providing facilities and continuous support for writing this review article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway (NH-64), Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India

    Manisha Gupta, Amarjot Kaur, Sandeep Arora, Thakur Gurjeet Singh & Onkar Bedi

  2. Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India

    Nirupma Trehanpati

  3. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India

    Pawan Krishan & Onkar Bedi

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Conceptualization: SA, OB and PK: literature review: MG, NT and OB: review and editing: AK and TGS. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Gupta, M., Krishan, P., Kaur, A. et al. Mechanistic and physiological approaches of fecal microbiota transplantation in the management of NAFLD. Inflamm. Res. 70, 765–776 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-021-01480-z

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