Secondary Metabolites and Bioprospecting

Abstract

In this decade, the focus of scientific communities is towards novel molecules with tremendous therapeutic benefits. They are raw house of flavors, and fragrances, dyes, and many important drugs which are processed based on them to combat various disorders. So it has attracted the global scientific community as they produce or engineer to innovate novel compounds with least toxicity. Engineering of plant secondary metabolism is viable recently, but it requires the acquaintance of biosynthetic metabolic routes responsible for their synthesis. To enhance their production, various protocols need to be followed substantially such as plummeting the flux through competitive routes, overexpression of regulatory genes, and decreasing catabolism overcoming rate-limiting steps. For this purpose different genes from plants can be isolated and overexpressed, including microflora diversity which has rich potential of different phytochemicals. Overexpression of plant genes in microorganisms is another approach, which requires keen research for the transformation of voluntarily obtainable precursors into valuable natural products. Scarce information about metabolic routes for the synthesis of bioactive compounds and the genes involved is one of the main barriers. Since there is a lot of complicity about chemical structures and these metabolic routes, bioactive compounds have been globally professed as therapeutically nonpotent, and limited attention has been devoted by scientific communities. Further, plant tissue cultures are another route of huge deposits of treasured bioactive compounds recommended in assisting in food nutrition, nutraceuticals, and in drug delivery. The amalgamation of natural products by in vitro values as compared to in vivo is devoid of physicochemical circumstances and eminence vacillations. Sometimes the synthesis of phytochemicals by chemical route is typical and requires extreme expertise. Therefore, the normal food condiments are appreciated and adapted by local communities in contrast to chemically synthesized drugs. Extensive research on natural products enthused innovation of the parting tools, spectroscopic tactics to detailed analyses of structure, and artificial tools which make the basis of current carbon-based studies involved in chemistry.