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Stem Cell for Cartilage Repair

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Handbook of Stem Cell Therapy

Abstract

Several of the age-related joint diseases such as osteoarthritis lead to chondrocyte degeneration and loss of articular cartilage. Chondrocyte after an injury has restricted capacity to repair. The contemporary clinical treatments such as osteochondral transplantation and arthroplasty procedures have shown serious limitations especially for the treatment of extensive full-thickness cartilage defects. Therefore, alternative therapeutic approaches are warranted. Thus, several cell-based therapies using different stem cells have been proposed as a novel treatment approach for cartilage regeneration and repair. During organogenesis in the embryonic period, chondrocytes originate from mesenchymal progenitor cells. Several studies have reported that treatment using stem cells, especially mesenchymal stem cells, is an optimal intervention for cartilage repair rather than implantation of terminally differentiated cells such as chondrocytes. In this chapter, we have highlighted the use of cell-based therapies for the treatment of injured cartilage and discuss advantages and limitations of different stem cells. We also discuss stem cell-based cartilage tissue engineering as a novel therapeutic strategy for the damaged articular cartilage and discussed in-depth the main components of cartilage tissue engineering such as stem cell source, scaffolds used for their seeding and culture, and types of the bioreactors.

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Abbreviations

AC:

Acryloyl chloride

ACI:

Autologous chondrocyte implantation

ADSCs:

Adipose tissue-derived stem cells

BMDCs:

Bone marrow-derived cells

CH:

Chitosan

COL:

Collagen

CS:

Chondroitin sulfate

CSMA:

Methacrylated chondroitin sulfate

DJDs:

Degenerative-related joint diseases

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

GO:

Graphene oxide

HA:

Hyaluronic acid

OA:

Osteoarthritis

OAT:

Osteochondral autologous transplantation

OCA:

Osteochondral allograft transplantation

OCT:

Osteochondral transplantation

PACI:

Particulated articular cartilage implantation

PBPCs:

Peripheral blood progenitor cells

PC:

Pectin-based

PCEC:

Polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol

PCL:

Polycaprolactone

PDS:

Poly-p-dioxanone

PECA:

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether-”-caprolactone-acryloyl chloride

PEG:

Poly(ethylene glycol)

PES:

Polyethersulfone

PGA:

Poly(glycolic acid)

PLA:

Polylactic acid

PLCL:

Poly(l-lactide-co-”-caprolactone)

PLGA:

Polylactic-co-glycolic acid

PLLA:

Poly(l-lactide)

PU:

Polyurethane

RA:

Rheumatoid arthritis

RWVs:

Rotating wall vessels

SCPL:

Solvent casting and particulate leaching method

SFs:

Spinner flasks

SMSCs/SF-MSCs:

Synovium fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells

UCB-MSCs:

Umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells

WJ-MSCs:

Umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran

    Anneh Mohammad Gharravi

  2. Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

    Mohammad Reza Gholami

  3. Ahvaz Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Saeed Azandeh

  4. Sulaiman AlRajhi University, AlBukayriah, Saudi Arabia

    Khawaja Husnain Haider

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  1. Anneh Mohammad Gharravi
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  2. Mohammad Reza Gholami
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  3. Saeed Azandeh
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  4. Khawaja Husnain Haider
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Basic Sciences, Sulaiman AlRajhi University, Al Bukairiyah, Saudi Arabia

    Khawaja H. Haider

Section Editor information

  1. Cardiac surgery, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Canada

    Rony Atoui

  2. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain

    Maria Alvarez-Viejo

  3. Sulaiman AlRajhi Medical School, Al Bukairiyah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Khawaja Husnain Haider

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Gharravi, A.M., Gholami, M.R., Azandeh, S., Haider, K.H. (2022). Stem Cell for Cartilage Repair. In: Haider, K.H. (eds) Handbook of Stem Cell Therapy. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6016-0_13-1

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