SpringerLink
Log in

Brazilian PGE Research Data Survey on Urban and Roadside Soils

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Platinum Metals in the Environment

Part of the book series: Environmental Science and Engineering ((ENVSCIENCE))

Abstract

Since the 1990s, investigations on the increase of platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), and rhodium (Rh) levels in urban environments of big cities all over the world due to catalytic converters emissions have increased enormously, mainly in developed countries. Nevertheless, relatively few studies were performed in develo** countries, such as Brazil. The state of São Paulo is the most populous and richest Brazilian state, and the city of São Paulo is the largest city in South America, and the 7th largest metropolitan region of the world. In this article, a discussion about the results obtained for the platinum group elements (PGE) Pt, Pd and Rh concentrations in soils adjacent to a major road in São Paulo state and in soils adjacent to seven main high density traffic avenues in the metropolitan region of São Paulo City are presented. Pt, Pd and Rh were found in much higher concentrations than PGE geogenic background, showing a catalytic converter origin. The platinum group elements levels obtained in São Paulo urban soils were much higher than those obtained for the roadside soils. Pd levels about seven times higher than the results obtained for the roadside soils were observed. The highest concentrations obtained for Pt (208 ng g−1) and Rh (45 ng g−1) were of about 12 and 5 times higher than the results obtained for the roadside soils. The results indicate that the PGE concentrations in São Paulo soils are directly influenced by traffic conditions. The concentrations of traffic-related elements such as Pb, Zn and Cu were also determined in the studied soils. Factorial analysis and cluster analysis discriminated the traffic related metals from PGE in the urban soils. However, in the roadside soils PGE were well correlated with Pb, Cu and Zn. The results obtained at present for PGE levels in São Paulo soils demonstrate the importance of continuous monitoring, since the rapid increase of the vehicular fleet in Brazil should also increase PGE emissions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bocca B, Caimi S, Smichowski P, Gómez D, Caroli S (2006) Monitoring Pt and Rh in urban aerosols from Buenos Aires. Argentina Sci Total Environ 358:255–264

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown RA (2002) Environmental impact of platinum, palladium and rhodium in the roadside environment. PhD [Thesis]. Imperial College, Londres, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • CETESB (São Paulo) Qualidade do ar no estado de São Paulo 2012 / CETESB. São Paulo: CETESB, 2013. (Série Relatórios/Secretaria de Estado do Meio Ambiente, ISSN 0103–4103), 123 Available from. http://www.cetesb.sp.gov.br/ar/qualidade-do-ar/31-publicacoes-e-relatorios. Accessed 28th February 2014

  • Cicchella D, DeVivo B, Lima A (2003) Palladium and platinum concentration in soils from the Napoli metropolitan area, Italy: possible effects of catalytic exhausts. Sci Total Environ 308:121–131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cinti D, Angelone M, Masi U, Cremisini C (2002) Platinum levels in natural and urban soils from Rome and Latium (Italy): significance for pollution by automobile catalytic converter. Sci Total Environ 293:47–57

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Colombo C, Monhemius AJ, Plant JA (2008) The estimation of the bioavailabilities of platinum, palladium and rhodium in vehicle exhaust catalysts and road dusts using a physiologically based extraction test. Sci Total Environ 389:46–51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Da Silva MF, Assunção JV, Andrade MF, Pesquero CR (2010) Characterization of metal and trace element contents of particulate matter (PM10) emitted by vehicles running on Brazilian fuels—hydrated ethanol and gasoline with 22 % of anhydrous ethanol. J Toxicol Env Health 73:901–909

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • da Silva LID, Sarkis JES, Zotin FMZ, Carneiro MC, Alcover-Neto A, Da Silva ASAG, Cardoso MJB, Monteiro MIC (2008) Traffic and catalytic converter—related atmospheric contamination in the metropolitan region of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Chemosphere 71:677–684

    Google Scholar 

  • Ek KH, Morrison GM, Rauch S (2004) Environmental routes for platinum group elements to biological materials—a review. Sci Total Environ 334–335:21–38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ely JC, Neal CR, Kulpa CF, Schneegurt MA, Seidler JA, Jain JC (2001) Implications of platinum-group element acumulation along U.S. roads from catalytic-converter attrition. Environ. Sci. Techno. 35:3816–3822

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fritsche J, Meisel T (2004) Determination of anthropogenic input of Ru, Rh, Pd, Re, Os, Ir and Pt in soils along Austrian motorways by isotope dilution ICP-MS. Sci Total Environ 325:145–154

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gómez B, Gómez M, Sanchez JL, Fernández R, Palacios MA (2001) Platinum and rhodium distribution in airbone particulate matter and road dust. Sci Total Environ 269:131–144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hooda PS, Miller A, Edwards AC (2007) The distribution of automobile catalyst-cast platinum, palladium and rhodium in soils adjacent to roads and their uptake by grass. Sci Total Environ 384:384–392

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • IBGE—Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Censo 2010. Available from http://www.cidades.ibge.gov.br/xtras/perfil.php?codmun=355030%26search=sao-paulo|sao-paulo&lang. Accessed form 20th February 2014

  • Jackson MT, Sampson J, Prichard HM (2007) Platinum and palladium variations through the urban environment: Evidence from 11 sample types from Sheffield. UK. Sci. Total Environ 385:117–131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jarvis KE, Parry SJ, Piper JM (2001) Temporal and spatial studies of autocatalyst-derived platinum, rhodium and palladium and selected vehicle-derived trace elements in the environment. Environ Sci Technol 35:1031–1036

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee HY, Chon HT, Sager M, Marton L (2012) Platinum pollution in road dusts, roadside soils, and tree barks in Seoul, Korea. Environ Geochem Health 34:5–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mathur R, Balaram V, Satyanarayanan M, Sawant SS, Ramesh SL (2011) Anthropogenic platinum, palladium and rhodium concentrations in road dusts from Hyderabad city, India. Environ Earth Sci 62:1085–1098

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morcelli CPR, Figueiredo AMG, Sarkis JES, Kakazu M, Enzweiler J, Sigolo JB (2005) PGEs and other traffic related elements in roadside soils from São Paulo. Brazil. Sci. Total Environ. 345:81–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morton O, Puchelt H, Hernandez E, Lounejeva E (2001) Traffic-related platinum group elements (PGE) in soils from Mexico City. J Geochem Explor 72:223–227

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Orecchio S, Amorello D (2011) Platinum levels in urban soils from Palermo (Italy); Analytical method using voltammetry. Microchem J 99:283–288

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pan S, Zhang G, Sun Y, Chakraborty P (2009) Accumulating characteristics of platinum group elements (PGE) in urban environments, China. Sci Total Environ 407:4248–4252

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parry SJ, Jarvis KE (2006). Temporal and spatial variation of palladium in the roadside environment. In: Zereini F, Alt F (eds) Palladium emissions in the environment: analytical methods, environmental assessment and health effects. Springer, New York, pp 419–432

    Google Scholar 

  • Peachey CJ, Sinnett D, Wilkinson M, Morgan MGW, Freer-Smith PH, Hutchings TR (2009) Deposition and solubility of airborne metals to four plant species grown at varying distances from two heavily trafficked roads in London. Environ Pollut 157:2291–2299

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prichard HM, Fischer PC (2012) Identification of platinum and palladium particles emitted from vehicles and dispersed into the surface environment. Environ Sci Technol 46:3149–3154

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rauch S, Morrison GM, Motelica-Heino M, Donard OFX, Muris M (2000) Elemental association and fingerprint of traffic-related metals in road sediments. Environ Sci Technol 33:3119–3323

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro AP, Figueiredo AMG, Sarkis JES, Hortellani MA, Markert B (2012a) First study on anthropogenic Pt, Pd, and Rh levels in soils from major avenues of São Paulo City, Brazil. Environ Monit Assess 184:7373–7382

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro AP, Figueiredo AMG, Ticianelli RB, Nammoura-Neto GM, Silva NC, Kakazu MH, Zahn G (2012b) Metals and semi-metals in street soils of São Paulo city, Brazil. J Radioanal Nucl Ch 291:137–142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riga-Karandinos AN, Saitanis CJ, Arapis G (2006) First study of anthropogenic platinum group elements in roadside top-soils in Athens, Greece. Water, Air and Soil Pollut 172:3–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodrigues JM (2013) Evolução da frota de automóveis no Brasil, 2001-2012 (Relatório 2013), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia. Observatório das Metrópoles 2013:40p

    Google Scholar 

  • Sen IS (2013) Platinum group element pollution is a growing concern in countries with develo** economy. Environ Sci Technol 47(24):13903–13904

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schafer J, Puchelt H (1998) Platinum group metals (PGM) emitted from automobile catalytic converters and their distribution in roadside soils. J Geochem Explor 64:301–314

    Google Scholar 

  • Sutherland RA, Pearson DG, Ottley CJ (2007) Platinum-group elements (Ir, Pd, Pt and Rh) in road-deposited sediments in two urban watersheds. Hawaii. Appl. Geochem. 22:1485–1501

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tomanik E (2000). Modelamento do desgaste por deslizamento em anéis de pistão em motores de combustão interna. PhD [Thesis]. Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsogas GZ, Giokas DL, Vlessidis AG, Aloupi M, Angelidis MO (2009) Survey of the distribution and time-dependent increase of platinum-group element accumulation along urban roads in Ioannina (NW Greece). Water Air Soil Pollut 201:265–281

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward NI, Dudding LM (2004) Platinum emissions and levels in motorway dust samples: influence of traffic characteristics. Sci Total Environ 334–335:457–463

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wedepohl KH (1995) The composition of the continental crust. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 59:1217–1232

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wichmann H, Anquandah GAK, Schmidt C, Zachmann D, Bahadir MA (2007) Increase of platinum group element concentrations in soils and airborne dust in an urban area in Germany. Sci Total Environ 388:121–127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whiteley JD, Murray F (2003) Anthropogenic platinum group element (Pt, Pd and Rh) concentrations in road dust and roadside soils from Perth, Western Australia. Sci Total Environ 317:121–135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whiteley JD (2004) Autocatalyst derived platinum group elements in the roadside environment occurrence mobility and Fate PhD [Thesis]. Murdoch University, Australia

    Google Scholar 

  • Whiteley JD (2005) Seasonal variability of platinum, palladium and rhodium (PGE) levels in road dusts and roadside soils, Perth, Western Australia. Water Air Soil Poll 160:77–93

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yajun W, **aozheng L (2012) Health risk of platinum group elements from automobile catalysts. Pro Eng 24:1004–1009

    Google Scholar 

  • Yeomans AK, Golder AP (1982) The Guttman-Kaiser criterion as a predictor of the number of common factors. The Statistician 31:221–229

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zereini F, Wiseman C, Beyer JM, Artelt S, Urban H (2001) Platinum, lead and cerium concentrations of street particulate matter. J Soils Sediments 2(2):1–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Zereini F, Alt F, Messerschmid TJ, Wiseman C, Feldmann I, Von Bohlen A, Muller J, Liebl K, Puttmann W (2005) Concentration and distribution of heavy metals in urban airborne particulate mater in Frankfurt am Main. Germany. Environ. Sci. Technol 39:2983–2989

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zereini F, Wiseman C, Putmann W (2007) Changes in palladium, platinum, and rhodium concentrations, and their spatial distribution in soils along a major highway in Germany from1994 to 2004. Environ Sci Technol 41:451–456

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zereini F, Wiseman CLS, Püttmann W (2012) In Vitro Investigations of Platinum, Palladium, and Rhodium Mobility in Urban Airborne Particulate Matter (PM10, PM2.5, and PM1) Using Simulated Lung Fluids. Environ Sci Technol 46:10326–10333

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas E Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN - SP), Av. Professor Lineu Prestes 2242, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Ana Maria G. Figueiredo

  2. Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Av. Francisco Matarazzo, 612, 05001-100, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Andreza P. Ribeiro

Authors
  1. Ana Maria G. Figueiredo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Andreza P. Ribeiro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ana Maria G. Figueiredo .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Fathi Zereini

  2. School of the Environment, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

    Clare L.S. Wiseman

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Figueiredo, A.M.G., Ribeiro, A.P. (2015). Brazilian PGE Research Data Survey on Urban and Roadside Soils. In: Zereini, F., Wiseman, C. (eds) Platinum Metals in the Environment. Environmental Science and Engineering(). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44559-4_9

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation