Zusammenfassung
Die Coronavirus-Pandemie ist nicht nur eine gesundheitliche und wirtschaftliche Herausforderung für das Königreich Saudi-Arabien, sondern lässt sich auch als eine Bedrohung für die großen Ambitionen des jungen Kronprinzen Mohammed bin Salman (kurz MBS) charakterisieren. Die Wirkung von COVID-19 auf das Königreich zeigt sich besonders deutlich an der Absage der internationalen Pilgerfahrt Hadsch im Jahr 2020. In diesem Beitrag wird der personenbezogene Ansatz der politischen Wissenschaft als Werkzeug verwendet, um den Einfluss der Persönlichkeit MBS auf die Pandemiepolitik des Königreiches zu untersuchen. MBS brachte nach bisher lediglich fünf Jahren auf der politischen Bühne eine umfangreiche innen- und außenpolitische Bilanz hervor, die von der Eröffnung des Jemenkriegs bis hin zu ambitionierten Reformen reicht und weit über den traditionellen Einfluss seiner Position hinaus geht. Dabei transformierte er das saudische System vornehmlich auf seine eigene Machtposition hin. Mohammed bin Salmans Charaktermerkmale, die sich in übersteigertem Ehrgeiz, großem Selbstbewusstsein und einem saudischen Nationalismus manifestieren, bieten Erklärungen für die Reaktion auf die Corona-Pandemie und die gleichzeitig entschlossen weiter verfolgte Initiative Vision 2030.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
- 1.
Einen breiten Überblick über Mohammed bin Salmans Verwandtschaft und Vorfahren bildet ein Stammbaum inklusive Kurzporträts des Wall Street Journal (vgl. Kalin 2020).
- 2.
Diese Kampagne ging so weit, dass das Duo mit Josef Stalin und seinem Geheimdienstchef Lawrenti Berija verglichen wurde (vgl. Law 2020).
- 3.
Bereits Salman war zuvor in seiner Zeit in Riad durch Reformpläne und zwiespältige Haltungen seiner eigenen Familie und zum wahhabitischen Klerus bekannt (vgl. al-Rasheed 2018).
- 4.
Einzig Rundell attestiert dem Kronprinzen respektvolles und vorsichtiges Vorgehen gegenüber den Stämmen (vgl. Rundell 2020, S. 91).
- 5.
Dieser gründete 1932 das Königreich Saudi-Arabien neu und herrschte bis zu seinem Tode im Jahr 1953.
Literatur
Alhussein, Eman. 2019. Saudi first: How hyper-nationalism is transforming Saudi Arabia. London: ECFR.
al-Arabiya. 2017. Former Saudi crown prince pledges allegiance to Mohammed Bin Salman. Al Arabiya. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEaq0coZVF8. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
al-Jazeera. 2017. Profile: Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman. Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/06/profile-saudi-crown-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-170621130040539.html. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
al-Jazeera. 2020a. Saudi Arabia allows foreign pilgrims to enter for Umrah. Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/1/saudi-arabia-allows-foreign-pilgrims-to-enter-for-umrah. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
al-Jazeera. 2020b. Saudi Arabia resumes prayers at Mecca’s Grand Mosque. Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/18/saudi-arabia-resumes-prayers-in-mecca-for-citizens-residents. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
al-Jazeera. 2020c. US diplomats leaving saudi as coronavirus cases surge: Report. Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/07/diplomats-leaving-saudi-coronavirus-cases-surge-report-200705104720757.html. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
al-Rasheed, Madawi. 2018. Mystique of monarchy: The magic of royal succession in Saudi Arabia. In Salman’s legacy: The dilemmas of a new era in Saudi Arabia, Hrsg. Madawi al-Rasheed, 45–72. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
al-Rasheed, Madawi. 2020a. King Salman’s legacy: The future of Saudi Arabia has never looked bleaker. Middle East Eye. https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/saudi-arabia-king-salman-legacy-future-bleak. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
al-Rasheed, Madawi. 2020b. The Son King: Reform and repression in Saudi Arabia. London: C. Hurst & Co. Publishers Ltd.
al-Sherbini, Ramadan. 2020. Covid-19: Saudi schools set to continue with distance-learning to contain virus. Gulf News. https://gulfnews.com/world/gulf/saudi/covid-19-saudi-schools-set-to-continue-with-distance-learning-to-contain-virus-1.73352123. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Allinson, Tom. 2020. Saudi Arabia: Hajj cancellation spells frustration and empty pockets. Deutsche Welle. https://www.dw.com/en/saudi-arabia-hajj-cancellation-spells-frustration-and-empty-pockets/a-54064035. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Alrebh, Abdullah F. 2020. Will Saudi Arabia’s private sector be able to hold up during a pandemic? MENASource. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/will-saudi-arabias-private-sector-be-able-to-hold-up-during-a-pandemic/. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Arab News. 2020a. Caution helped to decrease covid-19 cases in Saudi Arabia, says ministry official. Arab News. https://arab.news/p9ukc. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Arab News. 2020b. Covid-19 deaths cannot be dismissed as a mere statistic: Saudi energy minister. Arab News. https://arab.news/2avwt. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Arab News. 2020c. Crown prince Mohammed Bin Salman: Saudi Arabia devoted G20 presidency to stronger, more sustainable world. Arab News. https://arab.news/45xq9. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Arabian Business. 2020. Amid covid-19 pandemic, Imf sharply cuts forecast for Saudi Arabia. Arabian Business. https://www.arabianbusiness.com/politics-economics/448710-amid-covid-19-pandemic-imf-sharply-cuts-forecast-for-saudi-arabia. Zugegriffen: 2. Januar 2021.
Ayesh, Mohammad. 2020. Arabic press review: Saudi crown prince lashes out at Yemeni president. Middle East Eye. https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/arabic-press-review-mbs-angered-yemen-presidents-resistance. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Barbuscia, Davide. 2019. Saudi Arabia would need oil at $80-$85 a barrel to balance budget: Imf official. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-economy-imf/saudi-arabia-would-need-oil-at-80-85-a-barrel-to-balance-budget-imf-official-idUSKCN1Q01N0. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Bassiouni, Moustapha. 2018. Réformer et réprimer dans l’arabie de bin salman les dessous d’une opération d’infitah paradoxale et risquée. Confluences Méditerranée 107: 153–164.
Batrawy, Aya. 2020. Saudi King’s rare address to UN showcases monarch in charge. AP News. https://apnews.com/article/dubaiiran-saudi-arabia-united-arab-emirates-united-nations-general-assembly-60a47fc7d252cbf807f43d18be930156. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
BBC. 2018. Saudi crown prince Mohammed Bin Salman, power behind the throne. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-40354415. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Bianco, Cinzia. 2018. Mohammad Bin Salman’s reforms: Obstacles, opposition and questions of stability. In Saudi Arabia at a crossroads. Reforms and uncertainties ahead, Hrsg. Annalisa Perteghella, 13–34. Mailand.
Bianco, Cinzia. 2020. Home and away: Mohammad Bin Salman projects his power. ECFR. https://www.ecfr.eu/article/commentary_saudi_arabia_reshuffles_palace_and_oil_markets. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Blanchard, Christopher M. 2020. Saudi Arabia background and U.S. relations. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service.
Bordoff, Jason. 2020. The 2020 oil crash’s unlikely winner: Saudi Arabia. Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/05/05/2020-oil-crash-winner-saudi-arabia/. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Bostock, Bill. 2020. MBS is stam** out the final threat to his rule, bringing an end to his 3-year coup marked by power grabs, forced disappearances, and assassinations. Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/saudi-arabia-mbs-final-threats-saad-aljabri-mohammed-bin-nayef-2020-8?r=DE&IR=T. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Brüggmann, Mathias. 2018. Saudi-Arabiens Tiefer Absturz in Die Krise. Handelsblatt. https://www.handelsblatt.com/politik/international/drastische-kuerzungen-saudi-arabiens-tiefer-absturz-in-die-krise/25804614.html?ticket=ST-4776742-bRo1mLiOBDITD7q2JjRo-ap2. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Bsheer, Rosie. 2018. How Mohammed Bin Salman has transformed Saudi Arabia. The Nation. https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/how-mohammed-bin-salman-has-transformed-saudi-arabia/. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Byman, Daniel, und Kenneth M. Pollack. 2019. Beyond great forces. Foreign Affairs 98: 148–161.
Cafiero, Giorgio. 2018. Challenges of Saudi Arabia’s vision 2030. In Saudi Arabia at a crossroads. Reforms and uncertainties ahead, Hrsg. Annalisa Perteghella, 35–50. Mailand: Ledizioni LediPublishing.
Cahill, Ben. 2020. Gulf states: Managing the oil crash. CSIS Commentary. https://www.csis.org/analysis/gulf-states-managing-oil-crash. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Cochran, Judith A. 2019. The rise in power of crown prince Mohammed Bin Salman. Digest of Middle East Studies 28: 369–385.
Cochrane, Paul. 2020. Saudi Arabia’s economic crisis, explained in 10 graphics. Middle East Eye. https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/saudi-arabia-economic-crisis-oil-coronavirus-debt-vision-2030. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Cook, Steven A. 2018. Mohammed Bin Salman is weak, weak, weak. Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/08/07/mohammed-bin-salman-is-weak-weak-weak/. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Costello, Ryan. 2018. Mohammed Bin Salman is the next Saddam Hussein. Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/10/29/mohammed-bin-salman-is-the-next-saddam-hussein-mbs-iraq-iran-rumsfeld-reagan-gulf-war/. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Doumato, Eleanor Abdella. 1993. The scoiety and its environment. In Saudi Arabia: A country study, area handbook series, Hrsg. Helen Chapin Metz, 45–110. Washington, DC: Library of Congress.
Dutton, Jack. 2020. Saudi Arabia suspends international Umrah over new covid-19 variant. The National. https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/gcc/saudi-arabia-suspends-international-umrah-over-new-covid-19-variant-1.1132215. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
DW. 2020. Saudi exiles form opposition party, call for peaceful change. Deutsche Welle. https://www.dw.com/en/saudi-exiles-form-opposition-party-call-for-peaceful-change/a-55035008. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Economist. 2016. Young prince in a hurry. The Economist. https://www.economist.com/briefing/2016/01/09/young-prince-in-a-hurry. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Economist. 2019. Transcript: Interview with Muhammad Bin Salman. The Economist. https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2016/01/06/transcript-interview-with-muhammad-bin-salman. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Fahim, Kareem. 2020. Worst financial crisis in decades deals blow to Saudi Prince’s ambitions for the kingdom. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/worst-financial-crisis-in-decades-deals-blow-to-saudi-princes-ambitions-for-the-kingdom/2020/05/13/83dcc848-938c-11ea-87a3-22d324235636_story.html. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Farouk, Yasmine. 2020. Updating traditions: Saudi Arabia’s coronavirus response. Carnegie Endowment Center for Peace. https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/04/07/updating-traditions-saudi-arabia-s-coronavirus-response-pub-81481#comments. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Fenton-Harvey, Jonathan. 2020. Saudi Arabia’s belt-tightening amid covid-19 risks domestic discontent. World Politics Review. https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/28784/saudi-arabia-s-belt-tightening-amid-covid-19-risks-domestic-discontent. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Freer, Courtney. 2020. As king Salman’s health deteriorates, a calculating, paranoid MBS waits in the wings. The New Arab. https://english.alaraby.co.uk/english/Comment/2020/7/24/A-calculating-paranoid-MbS-waits-in-the-wings. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Friedman, Thomas L. 2017. Saudi Arabia’s Arab spring, at last. The crown prince has big plans for his society. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/23/opinion/saudi-prince-mbs-arab-spring.html. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Gardner, Frank. 2020. Just how deep are Saudi Arabia’s troubles? BBC News, 13. Mai. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-52588971. Zugegriffen: 16. Mai 2020.
Gardner, Frank. o. J. Mohammed Bin Salman how Saudi Arabia’s crown prince rose to power. BBC. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/extra/lLGBQVCUCZ/mohammed_bin_salman. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Gause, F. Gregory. 2018a. After the killing of Jamal Khashoggi. Muhammad Bin Salman and the future of Saudi-U.S. relations.
Gause, F. Gregory. 2018b. Fresh prince: The schemes and dreams of Saudi Arabia’s next king essays. Foreign Affairs 97: 75–86.
Gause, F. Gregory. 2020. The end of Saudi Arabia’s ambitions MBS must cut his losses to avert catastrophe. Foreign Affairs. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/saudi-arabia/2020-08-04/end-saudi-arabias-ambitions. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Ghosh, Bobby. 2020. Can Saudi Arabia’s crown prince fix his mistakes? Bloomberg.com. https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2020-06-07/can-saudi-arabia-s-mohammed-bin-salman-redeem-his-mistakes. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Gulf Today. 2020. Saudi Arabia successfully achieves zero coronavirus cases after curtailed Hajj. Gulf Today. https://www.gulftoday.ae/news/2020/08/11/saudi-arabia-successfully-achieves-zero-coronavirus-cases-after-curtailed-hajj. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Guzansky, Yoel, und Shmuel Even. 2020. The economic crisis in the Gulf States: A challenge to the „contract“ between rulers and ruled. Tel Aviv.
Habibi, Nader. 2019. Implementing Saudi Arabia’s vision 2030. An interim balance sheet. Walham.
Hearst, David. 2020. Exclusive: Saudi crown prince plans to become king before november G20 summit. Middle East Eye. http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/exclusive-saudi-crown-prince-plans-become-king-novembers-g20-summit. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Henderson, Simon. 2017. Meet the next generation of Saudi rulers. Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/11/10/meet-the-next-generation-of-saudi-rulers/. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Henni, Ossyane, und Dorothée Schmid. 2020. L’Arabie Saoudite face au COVID-19. Paris: L’ambition contrariée.
Herman, Rainer. 2020. Gastkommentar: MBS’ rigoroser Weg nach ganz oben. Deutsche Welle. https://www.dw.com/de/gastkommentar-mbs-rigoroser-weg-nach-ganz-oben/a-52758748. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Hertog, Steffen. 2018. Challenges to the Saudi distributional state in the age of austerity. In Salman’s legacy: The dilemmas of a new era in Saudi Arabia, Hrsg. Madawi Al-Rasheed, 73–96. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hooglund, Eric. 1993. Governmet and politics. In Saudi Arabia: A country study, area handbook series, Hrsg. Helen Chapin Metz, 188–228. Washington, DC: Library of Congress.
Hope, Bradley, und Justin Scheck. 2020. Blood and oil: Mohammed Bin Salman’s ruthless quest for global power, 1. Aufl. New York: Da Capo Press Inc.
Hubbard, Ben. 2020. MBS: The rise to power of Mohammed Bin Salman. New York: Tim Duggan Books.
Human Rights Watch. 2020. Human rights watch world report 2020: Events of 2019. Washington, DC.
Ignatius, David. 2016. A 30-year-old Saudi prince could jump-start the kingdom — Or drive it off a cliff. Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/a-30-year-old-saudi-prince-could-jump-start-the-kingdom--or-drive-it-off-a-cliff/2016/06/28/ce669a3e-3c69-11e6-a66f-aa6c1883b6b1_story.html. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
IMF. 2020. Policy responses to covid-19. Policy tracker. International Monetary Fund. https://www.imf.org/en/Topics/imf-and-covid19/Policy-Responses-to-COVID-19#S. Zugegriffen: 2. Januar 2021.
International Monetary Fund. 2020a. Regional economic outlook July 2020 update. Middle East and Central Asia. Washington, DC.
International Monetary Fund. 2020b. Regional economic outlook. Middle East and Central Asia. Washington, DC.
Johns Hopkins University. 2020. COVID-19 map. JHU Coronavirus Resource Center. https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Jones, Calvert W. 2019. Adviser to the king: Experts, rationalization, and legitimacy. World Politics 71: 1–42.
Jordan, Robert. 2018. US-Saudi relations in the new world of Trump and Mohammad Bin Salman. In Saudi Arabia at a crossroads. Reforms and uncertainties aheaf, Hrsg. Annalisa Perteghella, 71–90. Mailand: Ledizioni LediPublishing.
Kalin, Stephen. 2020. Saudi Arabia’s royal family. The Wall Street Journal. http://graphics.wsj.com/saudi-arabia-family-tree/. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Kalin, Stephen, Summer Said, und Felicia Schwartz. 2020. Saudi royal family divides over potential embrace of Israel. The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/saudi-royal-family-split-relations-israel-uae-bahrain-mbs-prince-king-11600446560. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Khashoggi, Jamal. 2020. Global opinion: Jamal Khashoggi’s columns for the Washington Post. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/global-opinions/wp/2018/10/06/read-jamal-khashoggis-columns-for-the-washington-post/. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Khoury, Zaki. 2020. In Saudi Arabia, investments in digital infrastructure are paying off. World Bank Blogs. https://blogs.worldbank.org/digital-development/saudi-arabia-investments-digital-infrastructure-are-paying. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 2015. Vision 2030. Riad.
Kirchgaessner, Stephanie, und Dan Sabbagh. 2020. „The end of an era“: Oil price collapse may force saudis to rein in arms spending. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/18/the-end-of-an-era-oil-price-collapse-may-force-saudis-to-rein-in-arms-spending. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Klaiman, Shahar. 2020. The Saudi dilemma. Israel Hayom. https://www.israelhayom.com/2020/12/18/the-saudi-dilemma/. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Kluge, Janis, Stephan Roll, und Kirsten Westphal. 2020. Russisch-saudisches Kräftemessen am Ölmarkt: Motive, Strategien und Erfolgschancen beider Staaten. Berlin: SWP. https://www.swp-berlin.org/10.18449/2020A20/. Zugegriffen: 31. Juli 2020.
Knipp, Kersten. 2020. Saudi-Arabien: Der Kronprinz macht Jagd auf seine Konkurrenten. Deutsche Welle. https://www.dw.com/de/saudi-arabien-der-kronprinz-macht-jagd-auf-seine-konkurrenten/a-53667772. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Koelbl, Susanne. 2020. Der Falke des Königs. Kronprinz Mohammed bin Salman kämpft um seinen Ruf. Der Spiegel.
Lacroix, Stéphane. 2011. Awakening Islam: The politics of religious dissent in contemporary Saudi Arabia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Law, Bill. 2020. Khashoggi murder trial: A parody of justice in MBS’ kingdom of fear. Middle East Eye. https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/parody-justice-mohammed-bin-salmans-kingdom-fear. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Mandelbaum, Michael. 2020. Saudi Arabia at a crossroads. American Purpose. https://www.americanpurpose.com/articles/saudi-arabia-at-a-crossroads/. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Mazzetti, Mark, und Edward Wong. 2020. Late action on virus prompts fears over safety of U.S. diplomats in Saudi Arabia. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/01/us/politics/coronavirus-us-embassy-saudi-arabia.html. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Miles, Hugo. 2015. Saudi royal calls for regime change in Riyadh. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/28/saudi-royal-calls-regime-change-letters-leadership-king-salman. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Miller, Andrew, und Sahar Novruzzadeh. 2018. Saudi Arabia’s empty oil threats. Riyadh won’t sabotage Trump’s Iran policy. Foreign Affairs. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/saudi-arabia/2018-11-01/saudi-arabias-empty-oil-threats. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Ministry of Finance of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 2019. Budget statement. Fiscal year 2020. Riad.
Mohammadzadeh, Babak. 2019. Beyond royal politics: State transformation and foreign policy in Saudi Arabia. Third World Quarterly 40: 1571–1589.
Munzinger. 2019. Mohammed bin Salman. Munzinger Online/Personen – Internationales Biographisches Archiv. http://www.munzinger.de/document/00000030727. Zugegriffen: 30. Sept. 2020.
Nereim, Vivian. 2017. Saudi religious police return to streets of Riyadh. The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/saudi-arabia-religious-police-riyadh-islam-mohammed-bin-salman-vision-2030-a7808796.html. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Neve, Freddie. 2020. Saudi Arabia’s response to the coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic. Riad: King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies.
OECD. 2020. Country policy tracker: Saudi Arabia. OECD. https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/country-policy-tracker/#Containmentmeasures. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Rabi, Uzi. 2020. The GCC states and the coronavirus: Between „coronaphobia“ and economic shock. In The coronavirus in the middle east: State and society in a time of crisis, Konrad Adenauer Stiftung Israel, Hrsg. Brandon Friedman, 11–12. Jerusalem: Konrad Adenauer Stiftung.
Radwan, Rawan. 2020. Saudi Arabia declares victory over coronavirus. Arab News. https://arab.news/8yrnf. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Riches, Christopher, und Peter Stalker, Hrsg. o. J. Saudi Arabia. In A guide to countries of the world. Oxford.
Riedel, Bruce. 2018. Kings and presidents: Saudi Arabia and the United States Since FRD. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
Riegert, Bernd. 2020. G20: Gipfel mit Saudis als umstrittenem Gastgeber. Deutsche Welle. https://www.dw.com/de/g20-gipfel-mit-saudis-als-umstrittenem-gastgeber/a-55654918?maca=de-newsletter_de_Nachrichten_spaet-6815-xml-newsletter&r=3716668821313415&lid=1682115&pm_ln=62797. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Roll, Stephan. 2019. Ein Staatsfonds für den Prinzen: Wirtschaftsreformen und Herrschaftssicherung in Saudi-Arabien. Berlin: SWP.
Rundell, David H. 2020. Vision or mirage: Saudi Arabia at the crossroads. London: I.B. Tauris.
Saab, Bilal Y. 2017. Can Mohamed Bin Salman reshape Saudi Arabia? The treacherous path to reform. Foreign Affairs. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/saudi-arabia/2017-01-05/can-mohamed-bin-salman-reshape-saudi-arabia. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Salama, Samir. 2020. Saudi Arabia turns covid-19 crisis into opportunities, invests 2.2b in industry. Gulf News. https://gulfnews.com/business/saudi-arabia-turns-covid-19-crisis-into-opportunities-invests-22b-in-industry-1.72536546. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Saudi Press Agency. 2020. HRH crown prince receives 1st dose of coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccine. Saudi Press Agency. https://www.spa.gov.sa/2172364. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Sons, Sebastian. 2017. Auf Sand gebaut: Saudi-Arabien – ein problematischer Verbündeter. Bonn: bpb.
Steinberg, Guido. 2017. Staatsstreich in Saudi-Arabien. https://www.swp-berlin.org/kurz-gesagt/staatsstreich-in-saudi-arabien/. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Steinberg, Guido. 2018a. Muhammad Bin Salman Al Saud an der Macht. Berlin: SWP.
Steinberg, Guido. 2018b. Trotz Reformen wird Saudi-Arabien autoritärer. https://www.swp-berlin.org/kurz-gesagt/2018/trotz-reformen-wird-saudi-arabien-autoritaerer/. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Steinberg, Guido. 2020. Saudi-Arabien, die Pandemie und das Öl: die Wirtschaftskrise zwingt den Kronprinzen, zwischen Reformprogramm und aggressiver Regionalpolitik zu wählen. Berlin: German Institute for International and Security Affairs. https://www.swp-berlin.org/10.18449/2020A64/. Zugegriffen: 31. Juli 2020.
Stenslie, Stig. 2018. The end of elite unity and stability of Saudi Arabia. The Washington Quarterly 41: 61–82.
Stephens, Michael. 2020. Saudi royal arrests: Why top princes have been silenced. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-51800964. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
The Economist. 2020. An unwanted guest returns. The Middle East is fighting a second wave of covid-19. The Economist, 13. Juni. https://globalvoices.org/2020/06/10/information-warfare-covid-19s-other-battleground-in-the-middle-east/#. Zugegriffen: 31. Aug. 2020.
The New Arab. 2020. Mounting discontent among leading Saudi royals over MBS’ rule: Report. The New Arab. https://english.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2020/8/26/mounting-discontent-among-leading-saudi-royals-over-mbs-rule. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
The Straits Times. 2020. Saudi sacks military commander over alleged corruption. The Straits Times. https://www.straitstimes.com/world/middle-east/saudi-sacks-military-commander-over-alleged-corruption. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Time Magazine. 2018. Crown prince Mohammed Bin Salman talks to time about the Middle East, Saudi Arabia’s plans and president Trump. Time Magazine. https://time.com/5228006/mohammed-bin-salman-interview-transcript-full/. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
TradeArabia. 2020. Vision 2030 ‚Helped Saudi manage covid impact‘. TradeArabia. http://www.tradearabia.com/news/MEDIA_371843.html. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Ulrichsen, Kristian Coates. 2018. Crown prince of disorder. Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/03/21/crown-prince-of-disorder/. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Umbach, Frank. 2020. Der saudisch-russisch- amerikanische Ölpreiskrieg und die geopolitischen Auswirkungen. Berlin: BAKS.
Vakil, Sanam. 2019. The chastened kingdom can Saudi Arabia recover from four years of hubris? Foreign Affairs. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/saudi-arabia/2019-12-13/chastened-kingdom. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
von Aarts, Paul, und Carolien Roelants. 2016. The perils of the transfer of power in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Contemporary Arab Affairs 9: 596–606.
Wassef, Khaled. 2020. Saudi Arabia is battling a 2nd wave of coronavirus infections, making Hajj unlikely. CBS News. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/coronavirus-in-saudi-arabia-2nd-wave-covid-cases-hajj-muslim-pilgrimage-unlikely-today-2020-06-18/. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Whitson, Sarah Leah, und Abdullah Alaodh. 2020. Mohammed Bin Salman’s bloody dream city of neom. Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/27/mohammed-bin-salman-neom-saudi-arabia/. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
WHO. 2020. WHO coronavirus disease (COVID-19) dashboard: Saudi Arabia. WHO. https://covid19.who.int/region/emro/country/sa. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Worldometers. 2020. Saudi Arabia coronavirus. Worldometers. https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/saudi-arabia/. Zugegriffen: 2. Jan. 2021.
Yaffe-Bellany, David, und Vivian Nereim. 2020. Ex-Saudi official alleges crown prince sent men to kill him. Bloomberg.com. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-08-06/saudi-crown-prince-ordered-killing-of-ex-official-lawsuit-says. Zugegriffen: 31. Dez. 2020.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 Der/die Autor(en), exklusiv lizenziert durch Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Schranner, M. (2022). Mohammed bin Salman: Der Architekt des „vierten saudischen Staats“ in der Corona-Krise. In: Ohnesorge, H.W., Gu, X. (eds) Weltpolitische Gestaltung in Zeiten von COVID-19. Persönlichkeit und weltpolitische Gestaltung. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-34735-2_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-34735-2_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer VS, Wiesbaden
Print ISBN: 978-3-658-34734-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-658-34735-2
eBook Packages: Social Science and Law (German Language)