Abstract
Wetlands are vulnerable and sensitive to climate change and human activities. Based on literature research, this paper analyzes the characteristics of wetland evolution in China. The results show that the current researches mainly focus on the wetlands of East China and North China, especially key river valleys and protected areas have attracted extensive attention. The main research methods include remote sensing, GIS, landscape index and mathematical model etc., which are still relatively simple. The area of China's natural wetland reduced by a mean of 0.19–1.67% per year, and some wetlands reach 5.56%. The constructed wetland area increased by a mean of 1.80–5.95% per year, with the increase of paddy field area. Meanwhile, the degree of fragmentation of natural wetlands in China increased by human factors. This paper analyzes China's natural wetlands generally show a trend of obvious degradation, and the relevant research results provide an important basis for wetland protection, and at the same time to provide reference for relevant policy making.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bai, H., Fang, J. S., Huang, L. B., Deng, W., Li, A. N., & Kong, B. (2013). Landscape pattern evolution and its driving factors of Baiyangdian lake-marsh wetland system. Geographical Research, 32, 1634–1644. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlyj201309006.
Barbieri, M., & Garone, B. M. A. (2013). The geochemical evolution and management of a coastal wetland system: A case study of the Palo Laziale protected area. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 126–127, 67–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.12.014
Bernal, B., Megonigal, J. P., & Mozdzer, T. J. (2016). An invasive wetland grass primes deep soil carbon pools. Global Change Biology, 23(5), 2104–2116. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13539
Caraballo, D. A., Abruzzese, G. A., & Rossi, M. S. (2012). Diversity of tuco-tucos (Ctenomys, Rodentia) in the Northeastern wetlands from Argentina: Mitochondrial phylogeny and chromosomal evolution. Genetica, 140, 125–136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-012-9664-7
Chen, Z., **e, X., & Bai, M. (2016). Dynamic evolution of wetland landscape spatial pattern in Nansi Lake, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 27, 3316–3324. https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.201610.039.
Cheng, Q., Zhou, L. F., & Tan, Y. F. (2012). An analysis of dynamic evolution and landscape fragmentation of Linghai estuary wetland in Liaoning. China Rural Water and Hydropower, 3, 44–48. https://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/periodical/ChlQZXJpb2RpY2FsQ0hJTmV3UzIwMjIwMzIyEhF6Z25jc2xzZDIwMTIwMzAxMxoIN21hYTJoZ2Y%3D
Cui, L., Li, W., Zhang, M., & Wang, Y. (2010). Changes in landscape pattern of mangrove wetlands and their driving force in the Luoyang River estuary, Fujian Province. Journal of Bei**g Forestry University, 32, 106–112. https://doi.org/10.13332/j.1000-1522.2010.02.020.
Fan, Q., Du, T., Yang, J., **, J. C., Li, X. M., & Chen, P. (2014). Landscape pattern changes for Nansihu Wetland from 1982 to 2012. Resources Science, 36, 0865–0873. http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZRZY201404025.htm
Fang, H., Luan, Q., Zhao, Z., Wang, G., & Han, D. (2012). Analysis of driving mechanism of Baiyangdian wetland evolution under changing environment. Water Resources Power, 30, 107–111. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7709.2012.08.032
Fang, R., Shen, Y., & Wu, D. (2014). Landscape pattern change in different sedimentary coastal areas of Yancheng, Jiangsu. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 33, 1096–1103. https://doi.org/10.13292/j.1000-4890.2014.0116.
Gao, C., Zhou, D., Luan, Z., & Zhang, H. (2010). Review on researches of wetland landscape pattern change. Resources Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 19, 460–464. https://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/periodical/ChlQZXJpb2RpY2FsQ0hJTmV3UzIwMjIwMzIyEhJjamx5enl5aGoyMDEwMDQwMTkaCGJrcG50NWc0
Garris, H., Mitchell, R., Fraser, L., & Barrett, L. (2015). Forecasting climate change impacts on the distribution of wetland habitat in the Midwestern United states. Global Change Biology, 21, 766–776. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12748
Goldhaber, M. B., Mills, C., Stricker, C. A., & Morrison, J. M. (2011). The role of critical zone processes in the evolution of the Prairie Pothole Region wetlands. Applied Geochemistry, 26, S32–S35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.022
Gong, Y., **g, L., Peng, L., Wu, X., & Hu, Y. (2012). Spatial-temporal changes of urban patch wetlands in Changsha, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 32, 7302–7312. https://doi.org/10.5846/stxb201202200229
Gong, W., Yuan, L., & Fan, W. (2010). Temporal-spatial evolution of landscape elements in Zhalong Wetland based on RS and GIS. Research Soil Water Conservation, 17, 107–112. https://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/periodical/ChlQZXJpb2RpY2FsQ0hJTmV3UzIwMjIwMzIyEg9zdGJjeWoyMDEwMDEwMjIaCHc3bmd2cXJz
Gong, Z., Li, H., Zhao, W., & Gong, H. (2013). Driving forces analysis of reservoir wetland evolution in Bei**g during 1984–2010. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 23, 753–768. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-013-1042-6
Gong, Z., Zhang, Y., Gong, H., & Zhao, W. (2011). Evolution of wetland landscape pattern and its driving factors in Bei**g. Acta Geographica Sinica, 66, 77–88. https://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/periodical/ChlQZXJpb2RpY2FsQ0hJTmV3UzIwMjIwMzIyEg1kbHhiMjAxMTAxMDA4Ggh5dzh4bTNoeQ%3D%3D
Gu, L., Wang, X., Gong, Z., Fu, Y., & Liu, J. (2010). Landscape monitoring and dynamic evolution of wetland resources in Bei**g. Program Geography, 29, 789–796. http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DLKJ201007003.htm
Hao, J., Liu, H., Li, Y., Hu, H., & An, J. (2010). Spatio-temporal variation and driving forces of the coastal wetland resources based on the transition matrix in Jiangsu Province. Journal of Natural Resources, 25, 1918–1929. http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZRZX201011011.htm
He, T. (2016). Historical evolution of the different wetlands types in the Yinchuan plain. Yellow River, 38, 54–58. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2016.04.013
Helbig, M., Chasmer, L., Kljun, N., Quinton, W., Treat, C., & Sonnentag, O. (2017). The positive net radiative greenhouse gas forcing of increasing methane emissions from a thawing boreal forest-wetland landscape. Global Change Biology, 23(6), 2413–2427. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13520
Hou, M., Liu, H., Zhang, H., Wang, C., & Tan, Q. (2013). Influences of topographic features on the distribution and evolution of landscape in the coastal wetland of Yancheng. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 33, 3765–3773. https://doi.org/10.5846/stxb201211121591
Hu, W. W. (2011). Change of the wetland landscape pattern in the middle reaches of the Huaihe River from 1950s to 2000. Tropical Geography, 31, 283–288. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-5221.2011.03.010
Hu, X., & Ye, Y. (2014). Evolution characteristics and driving forces analysis of Tangshan wetland from 2000 to 2010. Water Resources Power, 32, 139–142. http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-SDNY201404036.htm.
Huang, G., & He, P. (2011). Study on wetland landscape pattern change in Liaohe Estuary—A case study of Pan** City. Forest Resources Management, 3, 82–89. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1002-6622.2011.03.018
Jiang, W., Wang, W., Chen, Y., Liu, J., Tang, H., Hou, P., & Yang, Y. (2012). Quantifying driving forces of urban wetlands change in Bei**g City. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 22, 301–314. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-012-0928-z
Jasper, K., Hartkopf-Fröder, C., Flajs, G., & Littke, R. (2010). Palaeoecological evolution of Duckmantian wetlands in the Ruhr Basin (western Germany): A palynological and coal petrographical analysis. Review of Palaeobotany Palynology, 162, 123–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2010.06.009
Kearsey, T. I., Bennett, C. E., Millward, D., Davies, S. J., Gowing, C. J. B., Kemp, S. J., Leng, M. J., Marshall, J. E. A., & Browne, M. A. E. (2016). The terrestrial landscapes of tetrapod evolution in earliest Carboniferous seasonal wetlands of SE Scotland. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 457, 52–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.05.033
Kim, G. S. (2010). The evolution of coastal wetland policy in developed countries and Korea. Ocean & Coastal Management, 53, 562–569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2010.06.017
Lemly, A. D., Kingsford, R. T., & Thompson, J. R. (2000). Irrigated agriculture and wildlife conservation: Conflict on a global scale. Environmental Management, 25, 485–512. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002679910039
Lewis, D. B., & Feit, S. J. (2015). Connecting carbon and nitrogen storage in rural wetland soil to groundwater abstraction for urban water supply. Global Change Biology, 21, 1704–1714. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12782
Li, H., Gong, Z. N., Zhao, W. J., Gong, H. L. (2012). Driving forces analysis of reservoir wetland evolution in Bei**g based on logistic regression model. Acta Geographica Sinica, 67, 357–367. https://doi.org/10.11821/xb201203007.
Li, X., Wang, F., & Xue, Z. (2013a). Landscape pattern evolvement of the coastal wetland in Zhuanghe City based on 3S technologies. Resources Development Market, 29, 1311–1314. http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-ZTKB2013a12022.htm
Li, H., Yu, Q., Li, N., Wang, J., Yang, Y. (2013b) Study on landscape dynamics and driving mechanisms of the Shudu Lake Catchment Wetlands in Northwest Yunnan. Journal of West China Forestry Science, 42, 34–39. http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-YNLK2013b03007.htm
Li, X., Li, X., Ren, L., Shen, F., Huang, X., & Yan, Z. (2015a). Landscape prediction of Yangtze estuarine wetlands in 2020 under different scenarios. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 31, 188–196. http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-NCST2015a02009.htm
Li, J., Pu, L., Xu, C., Chen, X., Zhang, Y., & Cai, F. (2015b). The changes and dynamics of coastal wetlands and reclamation areas in central Jiangsu from 1977 to 2014. Acta Geographica Sinica, 71, 17–28. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlxb2015b01002.
Li, R., Zhang, G., Wei, X., Liu, Y., Zhang, L., & Sun, S. (2014). The evolutional characteristics of water environment of Chagan Lake Wetland. Science Geographica Sinica, 34, 762–768. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2014.06.011.
Li, W., & Fan, X. (2012). Landscape pattern of the river wetland in Fuzhou during the last century. Science & Technology Review, 30, 63–69. https://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-KJDB201214032.htm
Li, X. (2011). Evolution of wetland in TBNA and analysis of driving forces based on GIS. Northern Environmental, 23, 59–61. https://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-NMHB201107047.htm
Li, X., Liu, J., & Tian, B. (2016). Evolution of the Jiuduansha wetland and the impact of navigation works in the Yangtze Estuary, China. Geomorphology, 253, 328–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.10.031
Liao, H., Li, G., Wang, S., Cui, L., & Ouyang, N. (2014c). Evolution and spatial patterns of tidal wetland in North Jiangsu Province in the past 30 Years. Program Geography, 33, 1209–1217. http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DLKJ2014a09008.htm
Liao, H., Li, G., Cui, L., Ouyang, N., Zhang, Y., & Wang, S. (2014b). Study on evolution features and spatial distribution patterns of coastal wetlands in North Jiangsu Province, China. Wetlands, 34, 877–891. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-014-0550-1
Liao, D., **e, Q., & Yang, B. (2014c). Study on evolution of ecosystem health of Dongting Lake wetland. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 34, 112–116,140. http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZNLB2014c06022.htm
Liu, Y., Wu, D., Zeng, L., & Feng, Y. (2011). Evolvement of landscape pattern of the coastal wetland in Zhuhai during 1988–2008. Tropical Geography, 31, 199–204. http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-RDDD201102014.htm
Liu, Z., Lu, X., Sun, Y., Chen, Z., Wu, H., & Zhao, Y. (2012). Hydrological evolution of wetland in Naoli River Basin and its driving mechanism. Water Resources Management, 26, 1455–1475. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-011-9967-y
Mao, D., Wang, Z., Luo, L., Ren, C., & Jia, M. (2016). Monitoring the evolution of wetland ecosystem pattern in Northeast China from 1990 to 2013 based on remote sensing. Journal of Natural Resources, 31, 1253–1263. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.20151005.
Mao, Z., Gu, X., Liu, J., Ren, L., & Wang, G. (2010). Evolvement of soil quality in saltmarshes and reclaimed farm lands in Yancheng coastal wetland. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 21, 1986–1992. https://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/periodical/yystxb201008013
Medjani, F., Hamdaoui, O., Djidel, M., & Ducrot, D. (2015). Diachronic evolution of wetlands in a desert arid climate of the basin of Ouargla (southeastern Algeria) between 1987 and 2009 by remote sensing. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 8, 10181–10192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-015-1958-5
Osland, M., Enwright, N., Day, R., Gabler, C., Stagg, C., & Grace, J. B. (2016). Beyond just sea-level rise: Considering macroclimatic drivers within coastal wetland vulnerability assessments to climate change. Global Change Biology, 22, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13084
Puy, A., Balbo, A. L., Virgili, A., & Kirchner, H. (2014). The evolution of Mediterranean wetlands in the first millennium AD: The case of Les Arenes floodplain (Tortosa, NE Spain). Geoderma, 232–234, 219–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.05.001
Qin, L. (2012). The environmental evolution of the Qilihai Ancient Lagoon Wetlands in Tian**. Wetland Science, 10, 181–187. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1672-5948.2012.02.009
Reuter, M., Piller, W. E., Harzhauser, M., Berning, B., & Kroh, A. (2010). Sedimentary evolution of a late Pleistocene wetland indicating extreme coastal uplift in southern Tanzania. Quaternary Research, 73, 136–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2009.09.004
Sullivan, P. L., Price, R. M., Ross, M. S., Stoffella, S. L., Sah, J. P., & Scinto, L. J. (2016). Trees: A powerful geomorphic agent governing the landscape evolution of a subtropical wetland. Biogeochemistry, 128, 369–384. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-016-0213-9
Sun, C., Zeng, Q., & Liu, Y. (2010). Spatial and temporal change and its driving forces of the Raoyanghe Wetlands based on RS and GIS. Research Soil and Water Conservation, 17, 150–159. http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-STBY201002033.htm
Sun, Y., Zhang, A., & Wang, Q. (2011). Evolution of coastal mudflat Laizhou bay at the southeastern based on RS and GIS under the influence of human activities over the past three decades. Marine Science Bulletin, 30, 65–72. http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-HUTB201101011.htm
Tang, L., Yu, G., Jiang, Z., Jie, Y., & **g, G. (2011). Research on wetland evolution and its driving force of Futou Lake based on RS/GIS. Journal of Huazhong Normal University (Natural Sciences), 45, 150–156. http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-HZSZ201101035.htm
The state forestry administration of the People’s Republic of China. (2015). China wetlands resources (master volume) (pp. 1–28). China Forestry Publishing House.
Twilley, R. R., Bentley, S. J., Chen, Q., Edmond, D. A., Hagen, S. C., Lam, N. S. N., Willson, C. S., Xu, K. H., Braud, D. W., Peele, R. M., & McCall, A. (2016). Co-evolution of wetland landscapes, flooding, and human settlement in the Mississippi River Delta Plain. Sustainability Science, 11, 711–731. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-016-0374-4
Wang, A., Liu, J., Wang, C., & Li, F. (2014). Spatial and temporal change and its driving force of Dong** Lake Wetland during 1987—2009. China Population. Resources and Environment, 24, 160–163. http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-ZGRZ2014S3039.htm
Wu, X., Wang, Z., & Zhou, H. (2013). Digital wetland regulation system and driving force behind ecological evolution of digital wetland for Poyang Lake wetland. Journal of Central South University (Science Technology), 44, 5173–5179. http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-ZNGD201312054.htm
**ao, F., Zhang, X., & Cai, H. (2010). Spatial-temporal change of landscape pattern in Poyang Lake Wetland. Yangtze River, 41, 56–59+87. http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-RIVE201019018.htm
Xu, L., & Ye, Y. (2015). Evolution of the wetland landscape pattern and its driving forces in Yangzhou. Journal of Hydroecology, 36, 44–50. http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-SCAN201503007.htm
Yan, W., Gu, D., Wang, Y., Wu, S., Feng, A., & Ming, J. (2012). Study of evolution of Yancheng coastal wetlands. Periodontal Ocean University of China, 42, 130–137. http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-QDHY201212021.htm
Yang, J., Shan, L., **, J., Li, X., & Ge, Q. (2014). Land use pattern changes and ecological effects in Nansihu Wetland. Resources Science, 36, 0856–0864. http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZRZY201404024.htm
Yang, J., Wang, X., & Yang, Z. (2011). Application of RS and GIS techniques to studying the evolution of channel and wetland along the Yangtze River in Anhui. Geospatial Information, 9, 102–108. http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DXKJ201105037.htm
Yang, Y., Cai, Y., Bai, Y., Chen, W., & Yang, X. (2015). Land use pattern change and regional sustainability evaluation of wetland in Jiaogang Lake. Environmental Sciences, 36, 2320–2326. http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-HJKZ201506060.htm
You, H., Xu, L., Liu, G., Wang, X., Wu, Y., & Jiang, J. (2015). Effects of inter-annual water level fluctuations on vegetation evolution in typical wetlands of Poyang Lake, China. Wetlands, 35, 931–943. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-015-0684-9
Yuan, Y., Yan, D., Wang, H., & Wang, Q. (2014). Attributive analysis on evolution of inflow to Baiyangdian Wetland. Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, 44, 1–4+23. http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-SJWJ201312001.htm
Zhang, C., Liu, J., Zheng, C., Liu, Y., Zhang, L., & Cheng, Y. (2014). Analyzing structure changes of wetland around Yalu-river estuary by remote sensing. Transactions of Oceanology Limnology, 4, 160–166. http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-HYFB201404022.htm
Zhang, H., Liu, H., & Hao, J. (2011). Temporal-spatial variation of erosional coastal wetland landscape in North Jiangsu and its driving forces. Journal Ecology and Rural Environment, 27, 46–50. http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-NCST201104009.htm
Zhang, H., Liu, H., & Hao, J. (2012a). Landscape spatial and temporal evolutions of Yancheng coastal wetlands in Jiangsu Province. Bulletin of Soil Water Conservation, 32, 226–229. http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-STTB2012a06049.htm
Zhang, H., Liu, H., Hao, J., & Li, Y. (2012b). Spatiotemporal characteristics of landscape change in the coastal wetlands of Yancheng caused by natural processes and human activities. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 32, 0101–0110. http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-STXB2012b01013.htm
Zhang, H., Liu, H., & Hou, M. (2013a). Spatiotemporal characteristics of spartina alterniflora marsh change in the coastal wetlands of Yancheng caused by natural processes and human activities. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 33, 4767–4775. https://doi.org/10.5846/stxb201205050649
Zhang, H., Liu, H., Li, Y., & Hou, M. (2013b). The coupling relationship between soil eco-processes and landscape evolution under the natural conditions in Yancheng Coastal Wetland. Journal of Natural Resources, 28, 63–72. http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZRZX2013b01007.htm
Zhang, H., Liu, H., Li, Y., Tan, Q., & Hou, M. (2013c). The studying of key ecological factors and threshold of landscape evolution in Yancheng Coastal wetland. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 33, 6975–6983. http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-STXB2013c21024.htm
Zhang, L., Wu, B., Yin, K., Li, X., Kia, K., & Zhu, L. (2015a). Impacts of human activities on the evolution of estuarine wetland in the Yangtze Delta from 2000 to 2010. Environment and Earth Science, 73, 435–447. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3565-2
Zhang, R., Qiao, Y., & Liu, H. (2015b). The map analysis of wetland landscape evolution with land use intensity change response in Yinchuan plain. Science Survey Map**, 40, 54–59. http://www.en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-CHKD2015b10010.htm
Zhang, M., Gong, Z., & Zhao, W. (2016). Analysis of driving forces of Baiyangdian wetland evolution during 1984–2013. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 35, 499–507. https://doi.org/10.13292/j.1000-4890.201602.017.
Zheng, Z., Zhou, Y., & Tian, B. (2013). Evolution analysis of Chongming Dongtan wetland in recent 60 years based on digital nautical chart and remote sensing. Remote Sensing Land and Resource, 25, 130–136. https://doi.org/10.6046/gtzyyg.2013.01.23
Zhu, C., Tian, B., Zhou, Y., & Fan, Z. (2015). Wetland change analysis and forecasting in Pudong new area using Markov and CLUE-S Model. Journal of Fudan University (Natural Science), 54, 431–438+48. http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-FDXB201504006.htm
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Harbin Normal University Doctoral Research Start-up Fund Project (NO. 1305121202), Basic scientific research project of provincial colleges and universities in Heilongjiang Province (No. 2021-KYYWF-0178), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2021MD703823).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Wang, L., Ma, L., Sheng, L., Zang, S., Wang, H. (2022). Natural Wetland Evolution in China: A Review. In: He, BJ., Prasad, D., Pignatta, G., Jupesta, J. (eds) Climate Change and Environmental Sustainability. Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12015-2_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12015-2_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-12014-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-12015-2
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)