Abstract
During the last decades, the progressive diffusion and technological improvements of renal tumor imaging have played a pivotal role in changing the natural history of this disease.
The widespread diffusion of ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) scan increased the number of incidentally detected renal tumors and amenable to less invasive or conservative treatment has increased with a subsequent increase in overall and cancer-specific survival.
Moreover, the more frequent application of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lets clinicians to progressively better characterize some type of masses and help the surgeon choose the better treatment option.
In addition, a lot of imaging technologies have been adopted for intraoperative use. The intraoperative US and the indocyanine green guidance are two of the most diffused tools adopted to improve the surgical navigation.
Finally, the recent advent of 3D virtual models has furtherly increased surgeons’ comprehension of anatomical details with a subsequently more accurate preoperative planning. These very promising technologies had a large variety of applications, from 3D printed models to mixed or augmented reality.
In conclusion the state of the art in pre- and intraoperative imaging modalities for kidney tumors is rapidly evolving thanks to technological improvements. With the help of these new technologies, it is estimated to further increase the number of complex renal masses suitable for nephron-sparing surgery and to reduce the postoperative functional impairment thanks to more conservative resection techniques and more selective clam** procedures.
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Porpiglia, F., Rogers, C., De Backer, P., Piramide, F. (2022). Current Imaging Modalities and Virtual Models for Kidney Tumors. In: Wiklund, P., Mottrie, A., Gundeti, M.S., Patel, V. (eds) Robotic Urologic Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-00363-9_35
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